[*] 2069. The force of these circumstantial participles does not lie in the participle itself, but is derived from the context. Unless attended by some modifying adverb, the context often does not decide whether the participle has a temporal, a causal, a conditional, a concessive force, etc.; and some participles may be referred to more than one of the above classes. Thus, πατὴρ δ᾽ ἀπειλῶν οὐκ ἔχει μέγαν φόβον (Men. fr. 454) may mean: a father by threatening ( = when or because or if or though, he threatens) does not excite much fear.
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[*] 2069. The force of these circumstantial participles does not lie in the participle itself, but is derived from the context. Unless attended by some modifying adverb, the context often does not decide whether the participle has a temporal, a causal, a conditional, a concessive force, etc.; and some participles may be referred to more than one of the above classes. Thus, πατὴρ δ᾽ ἀπειλῶν οὐκ ἔχει μέγαν φόβον (Men. fr. 454) may mean: a father by threatening ( = when or because or if or though, he threatens) does not excite much fear.
American Book Company, 1920.
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