[*] 432. Certain Adverbs and Adjectives are sometimes used as Prepositions:— [*] a. The adverbs prīdiē , postrīdiē , propius , proximē , less frequently the adjectives propior and proximus , may be followed by the Accusative:—
- “prīdiē Nōnās Mâiās ” (Att. 2.11) , the day before the Nones of May (see § 631).
- “postrīdiē lūdōs ” (Att. 16.4) , the day after the games.
- “propius perīculum ” (Liv. 21.1) , nearer to danger.
- “propior montem ” (Iug. 49) , nearer the hill.
- “proximus mare ōceanum ” (B. G. 3.7) , nearest the ocean.
[*] Note.-- Prīdiē and postrīdiē take also the Genitive (§ 359. b). Propior , propius , proximus , and proximē , take also the Dative, or the Ablative with ab :—
- “propius Tiberī quam Thermopylīs ” (Nep. Hann. 8) , nearer to the Tiber than to Thermopylæ.
- “Sugambrī quī sunt proximī Rhēnō ” (B. G. 6.35) , the Sugambri, who are nearest to the Rhine.
- “proximus ā postrēmō ” (Or. 217) , next to the last.
- terminōs ūsque Libyae (Iust. 1.1.5), to the bounds of Libya.
- “ūsque ad castra hostium ” (B. G. 1.51) , to the enemy's camp.
- “rem crēditōrī palam populō solvit ” (Liv. 6.14) , he paid the debt to his creditor in the presence of the people.
- “haud procul castrīs in modum mūnicipī exstrūcta ” (Tac. H. 4.22) , not far from the camp, built up like a town.
- simul nōbīs habitat barbarus (Ov. Tr. 5.10.29), close among us dwells the barbarian.
[*] Note.--But simul regularly takes cum; procul is usually followed by ab in classic writers; and the use of palam as a preposition is comparatively late.
[*] d. The adverb clam is found in early Latin with the Accusative, also once with the Genitive and once in classical Latin with the Ablative:—- clam mātrem suam (Pl. Mil. 112), unknown to his mother.
- clam patris (id. Merc. 43), without his father's knowledge.
- clam vōbīs (B. C. 2.32.8), without your knowledge.