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89.
‘I see, my men, that you are
frightened by the number of the enemy, and I have accordingly called you
together, not liking you to be afraid of what is not really terrible.
[2]
In the first place, the Peloponnesians, already defeated, and not even
themselves thinking that they are a match for us, have not ventured to meet
us on equal terms, but have equipped this multitude of ships against us.
Next, as to that upon which they most rely, the courage which they suppose
constitutional to them, their confidence here only arises from the success
which their experience in land service usually gives them, and which they
fancy will do the same for them at sea.
[3]
But this advantage will in all justice belong to us on this element, if to
them on that; as they are not superior to us in courage, but we are each of us more
confident, according to our experience in our particular department.
[4]
Besides, as the Lacedaemonians use their supremacy over the allies to
promote their own glory, they are most of them being brought into danger
against their will, or they would never, after such a decided defeat, have
ventured upon a fresh engagement.
[5]
You need not, therefore, be afraid of their dash.
You, on the contrary, inspire a much greater and better founded alarm, both
because of your late victory and also of their belief that we should not
face them unless about to do something worthy of a success so signal.
[6]
An adversary numerically superior, like the one before us, comes into
action trusting more to strength than to resolution; while he who voluntarily confronts tremendous odds must have very great
internal resources to draw upon.
For these reasons the Peloponnesians fear our irrational audacity more than
they would ever have done a more commensurate preparation.
[7]
Besides, many armaments have before now succumbed to an inferior through
want of skill or sometimes of courage; neither of which defects certainly are ours.
[8]
As to the battle, it shall not be, if I can help it, in the strait, nor
will I sail in there at all; seeing that in a contest between a number of clumsily managed vessels and a
small, fast, well-handled squadron, want of sea room is an undoubted
disadvantage.
One cannot run down an enemy properly without having a sight of him a good
way off, nor can one retire at need when pressed; one can neither break the line nor return upon his rear, the proper tactics
for a fast sailor; but the naval action necessarily becomes a land one, in which numbers must
decide the matter.
[9]
For all this I will provide as far as can be.
Do you stay at your posts by your ships, and be sharp at catching the word
of command, the more so as we are observing one another from so short a
distance; and in action think order and silence all important—qualities
useful in war generally, and in naval engagements in particular—; and behave before the enemy in a manner worthy of your past exploits.
[10]
The issues you will fight for are great—to destroy the naval
hopes of the Peloponnesians or to bring nearer to the Athenians their fears
for the sea.
[11]
And I may once more remind you that you have defeated most of them already; and beaten men do not face a danger twice with the same
determination.’
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References (58 total)
- Commentary references to this page
(15):
- Sir Richard C. Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Antigone, 365-375
- W. W. How, J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus, 8.11
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 2, 2.11
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 6, 6.1
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 7, 7.13
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER CVI
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER CXVII
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER XXVIII
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER XXIX
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER XXXIII
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER XL
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 5, 5.14
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 5, 5.66
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 5, 5.69
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 5, 5.72
- Cross-references to this page
(5):
- Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges, PREPOSITIONS
- Raphael Kühner, Bernhard Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache, KG 1.pos=2.1
- Raphael Kühner, Bernhard Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache, KG 3.6.1
- William Watson Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb, Chapter II
- William Watson Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb, Chapter V
- Cross-references in notes to this page
(1):
- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Thuc. 6.34
- Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page
(37):
- LSJ, ἀξιόω
- LSJ, ἀγών
- LSJ, ἀναμιμνήσκω
- LSJ, ἀνα-στροφή
- LSJ, ἀνεπι-στήμων
- LSJ, ἀντιτολμ-άω
- LSJ, ἀποχωρ-έω
- LSJ, ἀτολμ-ία
- LSJ, βέβαιος
- LSJ, δίκαιος
- LSJ, ἔμπειρος
- LSJ, ἔργον
- LSJ, ἐφόρμ-ησις
- LSJ, ἐλπ-ίς
- LSJ, ἐθέλω
- LSJ, εἰκός
- LSJ, εὔτακτ-ος
- LSJ, ἡγέομαι
- LSJ, καθίστημι
- LSJ, κατα-λύω
- LSJ, ὅμοιος
- LSJ, ὁ
- LSJ, ὀλίγος
- LSJ, ὀρρωδία
- LSJ, πα^ρά
- LSJ, περί
- LSJ, πίπτω
- LSJ, πίσυ^νος
- LSJ, ποιέω
- LSJ, πρόνοια
- LSJ, πρόσοψις
- LSJ, προεργ-άζομαι
- LSJ, προφέρω
- LSJ, προνι_κάω
- LSJ, στενοχωρ-ία
- LSJ, ὑποδεής
- LSJ, χρή
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