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And yet Nature has built about none of our
parts so stout a stockade as about the tongue,1 having
placed before it as an outpost the teeth, so that when
reason within tightens ‘the reins of silence,’
2 if
the tongue does not obey or restrain itself, we may
check its incontinence by biting it till it bleeds. For
Euripides3 says that ‘disaster is the end,’ not of
unbolted treasuries or storerooms, but of ‘unbridled
tongues.’ And those who believe that storerooms
without doors and purses without fastenings are of
no use to their owners, yet keep their mouths without lock or door, maintaining as perpetual an outflow
as the mouth of the Black Sea, appear to regard
speech as the least valuable of all things. They do
not, therefore, meet with belief,4 which is the object
of all speech. For this is the proper end and aim
of speech, to engender belief in the hearer ; but
chatterers are disbelieved even if they are telling the
truth. For as wheat shut up in a jar5 is found to
have increased in quantity, but to have deteriorated
[p. 405]
in quality, so when a story finds its way to a chatterer,
it generates a large addition of falsehood and thereby
destroys its credit.