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Περὶ ὑγείας καὶ νόσου καὶ γήρως.

Ἀλκμαίων τῆς μὲν ὑγείας εἶναι συνεκτικὴν τὴν ἰσονομίαν τῶν δυνάμεων, ὑγροῦ ξηροῦ ψυχροῦ θερμοῦ πικροῦ γλυκέος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν: τὴν δ᾽ ἐν αὐτοῖς μοναρχίαν νόσου ποιητικήν: φθοροποιὸν γὰρ ἑκατέρου μοναρχία: καὶ νόσων αἰτία, ὡς μὲν ὑφ᾽ ἧς, ὑπερβολῇ θερμότητος ἢ ψυχρότητος: ὡς δ᾽ ἐξ ἧς, διὰ πλῆθος ἢ ἔνδειαν: ὡς δ᾽ ἐν οἷς, ἢ αἷμα [p. 372] ἐνδέον ἢ ἐγκέφαλος: τὴν δὲ ὑγείαν τὴν σύμμετρον τῶν ποιῶν κρᾶσιν.

Διοκλῆς πλείστας τῶν νόσων δι᾽ ἀνωμαλίαν τῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι στοιχείων καὶ τοῦ καταστήματος

Ἐρασίστρατος τὰς νόσους διὰ πλῆθος τροφῆς καὶ δι᾽ ἀπεψίας καὶ φθοράν, τὴν δ᾽ εὐταξίαν καὶ αὐτάρκειαν εἶναι ὑγείαν.

οἱ Στωικοὶ συμφώνως τὸ γῆρας γεγενῆσθαι διὰ τὴν τοῦ θερμοῦ ἔλλειψιν οἱ γὰρ αὐτοὶ πλέον ἔχοντες τὸ θερμὸν ἐπὶ πλεῖον γηρῶσιν.

Ἀσκληπιάδης Αἰθίοπάς φησι ταχέως γηράσκειν ἐτῶν τριάκοντα διὰ τὸ ὑπερθερμαίνεσθαι τὰ σώματα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου διαφλεχθέντας: ἐν Βρεττανίᾳ ἑκατὸν εἴκοσιν ἐτῶν γηρᾶν διὰ τὸ κατεψῦχθαι μὲν τοὺς τόπους, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς δὲ στέγειν τὸ πυρῶδες: τὰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν Αἰθιόπων σώματὰ εἰσιν ἀραιότερα διὰ τὸ ἀναχαλᾶσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου, τὰ δ᾽ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων πυκνά, διὰ τοῦτο οὖν καὶ πολυχρόνια.

Plutarch. Moralia. Gregorius N. Bernardakis. Leipzig. Teubner. 1893. 5.

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