Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 37
Evan T. Sage, PhD professor of latin and head of the department of classics in the University of Pittsburgh, Ed.

32. When these exceedingly safe harbours had been occupied by the Roman fleet, before he attacked the walls by either escalade or siege, the praetor thought he should send agents to test the attitude of the leading citizens and magistrates. When he found them intractable he began to attack in two places at once. [2] One part was not thickly built up; temples of the gods occupied much space; here first he moved a battering-ram and began to shake the walls and towers; [3] then, when the multitude rushed to its defence, a ram was moved up on the other side also; [4] and now the walls were being overthrown on both sides. [5] As they fell in, when the Roman soldiers were making their assault right over the heaps of ruins and still others were trying to climb the walls with ladders, the townspeople resisted so stubbornly that it was easily [p. 385]apparent that they placed more reliance on arms and¹ courage than in walls. [6] Compelled, therefore, by the danger to his soldiers, the praetor ordered the recall sounded, lest he expose reckless men to those who were raging with despair and fury. [7] When the fighting stopped, not even then did they turn to rest, but rushed in every direction to build and repair what had been laid in ruins. [8] While engaged in this work, Quintus Antonius, sent by the praetor, approached them and, reproving their obstinacy, pointed out that it was more to the interest of the Romans than themselves that the fighting should not continue until the city was destroyed; [9] if they wished to refrain from their madness, the opportunity was open to them of surrendering on the same terms as were granted when they submitted to Gaius Livius before.² [10] When they heard this they took a space of five days to deliberate, meanwhile searching for some hope of aid from Antiochus; but after the ambassadors sent to the king had reported that there was no protection in him, then they opened the gates, bargaining that they should not be treated as enemies. [11] When the standards entered the city and the praetor had proclaimed that he wished to spare the surrendered, there was a shout raised on all sides that it was a shameful thing that the Phocaeans, never faithful allies,³ always dangerous foes, should get off scot-free. With such shouts, as if they had received a signal from the praetor, they rushed off in every direction to plunder the city. [12] Aemilius at first opposed and tried to recall them, saying that captured, not surrendered, cities were plundered and that even so in these cases the decision rested with the commander, not the soldiers. [13] After wrath and [p. 387]greed proved stronger than authority, he sent heralds⁴ through the city ordering all freemen to assemble in the forum in his presence, if they would escape harm; and in everything which was under his control the word of the praetor held good; the city, the farmlands and their laws were restored to them; [14] and, since winter was approaching, he chose the harbours of Phocaea as the winter station for the fleet.