Action of the Dogger Bank. German crusier "Blucher" sunk.
Nigerian frontier of the Cameroons crossed by British forces
General Guchkov appointed Russian Minister for War (see 13th, 14th, and May 16th)
"Majestic" sunk by submarine at the Dardanelles
British blockade of German East Africa commences
Action of Latema Nek (East Africa) begins (see 5th, 10th, and 12th)
Secret agreement for mutual support concluded between Russian and Rumanian Governments
Minelaying in the open sea commenced by the Germans (east of Southwold) (see October 3rd)
"Inter-Allied Chartering Committee" established for chartering shipping (see December 3rd, 1916, and November 3rd, 1917)
Action of Beho-Beho ends (see 3rd)
Durazzo bombarded by Italian and British warships (see 14th, and February 27th, 1916)
Admiral Sir Henry Jackson, First Sea Lord, Great Britain, resigns (see 4th, and May 28th, 1915)
German proposals to Mexico for alliance against the United States published in the American Press (see January 19th)
Battle of Charlerol ends (see 21st)
Pdronne retaken by British forces (see March 24th)
Italian forces ros Austrian frontier (midnight 24th/28th)
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (see 4th)
Government give further pledge in House of Commons that restitution of Alsaee-I[orraine is a War Aim (see February 15th)
Mimstry of Shipping formed in G(eat Britain (see January 27th)
British defence of Muscat (Eastern Arabia) (10th 11lth)
Naval action off Heligoland (German light cruisers "Kln,'"" Mainz," and "Ariadne" sunk by British squadron)
Mushir ed Dowleh succeeds Mustaufi ul Mamnalek as Persian Prime Minister (see August 19th, 1914, and April 26th, 1915)
Prince Firman Firma appointed Prime Minister of Persia (see 24th, and March 5th, 1916)
Brussels occupied by German forces (see November 18th, 1918)
Berat (Albania) retaken by Austrian forces (see 22nd, and July 10th and October 1st)
(cuntd
British, French and Russian Governments agree to pool their financial resources (see June 3rd)
Passchendaele captured by British (Canadian) forces (see October 26th, 1917, and April 16th, 1918)
Durazzo (see 2nd), Novi Bazar (see November 20th, 1915), and Ipek (see December 6th, 1915) retaken by Italian forces
British Government order Naval Mobilisation
Russian Commander-in-Chief (Grand Duke Nicholas) suggests a, British expedition against the Turks to ease Russian situation I in the Caucasus (see January 18th, 1915)
off
Haifa, Acre, and Es Salt (Palestine) occupied by British forces (see 19th)
Battle of Ep6hy
Battle of the Ancre Heights (Somme) ends (see October 1st)
Manoel Arriaga, Portuguese President, resigns (appointed August 24th, 1911) (see 28th)
Wilson, General F
Bulgarian and Greek General Staffs conclude agreement establishing temporary neutral zone along Greek frontier
Junction of British and French squadrons effected at entrance to the Adriatic
Action of Bairam Ali (Trans-Caspia): Trans-Caspian Governme- Vice-Admiral von Behnke appointed German Minister e° (see 18th)
Entente Governments agree to hold "Pact of London" applicable to war with Turkey (see September 5th, 1914)
Signor Boselli, Italian Premier, resigns (see 29th, an
President Wilson replies to Note of German Government, and armistice (see 4th and 12th)
" First Meeting held (see 1st)
Turkish Offensive in the Cauoasus begins
-General Sir Percy Lake appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mesopotamia (see 19th, and August 28th)
Shabatz (see 12th) retaken by Serbian forces
Battle of Nebi Samwll (Palestine) begins (see 24th)
Debra and Okhrida (Serbia) taken by Bulgarian forces
British Government issue Proclamation specifying articles to be treated as contraband (see 20th, and September 21st)
Focsani (Rumania) taken by German forces
Lieut.-General von Falkenhayn succeeded as German Minister for War by Lieut.-General Wild von Hohenborn (see October 30th, 1916). General von Falkenhayn remains Chief of the General Staff (see August 29th, 1916).
Succeeded by Prince Ahmed Fund, his youngest brother
German gunboat "Hedwig von Wissman" sunk by H.M.S. "Mimi" and "Fifi." British command of Lake Tanganyika secured (see December 26th, 1915).
Craonne taken by German forces (see May 4th, 1917)
German commerce raider "Wolff" leaves Germany (see February 24th, 1918)
Zaimis, Greek Premier, resigns (see 16th, and June 21st)
"King Edward VII" sunk by mine off North of Scotland
German forces evacuate Mount Kemmnel (see April 26th)
Venizelos arrives at Salonika (see August 30th, and September 25th and 29th)
German Government send Note to United States Government rejecting British offer to permit passage of foodstuffs to Poland from United States of America
Kerenski's forces defeated by Bolsheviki near Petrograd (see 8th and 15th)
de Castro as Portuguese Premier (see June 19th, 1915, and March 15th, 1916)
Italy declares neutrality
Bulk of French Expeditionary Force troops join the North Russia Expeditionary Force at Murmansk (see June 23rd)
City of Liege occupied by German forces (see 4th and 16th)
Venizelos (see September 20th)
Breitung, an American citizen (see February 11th)
Council of Trans-Caucasian peoples, i.e., Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Daghestan, proclaim Trans-Caucasia a federal Republic (see April 22nd, 1918)
Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria dies
Sibiu (Transylvania) taken by Rumanian forces (see 26th)
Battle of the Kolubara (Serbia) begins (see 6th)
"Trading with the Enemy (Extension of Powers) Act, 1915 "(beginning of" Black List "policy), comes into force in Great Britain (see January 26th and July 28th, 1916)
Belgian Army retreats from the Gette on Antwerp
Austrian forces begin counter-offensive in Albania (see July 6th and 22nd)
Raid by British naval light forces on the Kattegat (see April 15th, 1918)
Austro-Hungarian Government order General Mobilisation (see 26th and 28th)
Novi Bazar taken by Austrian forces (see October 14th, 1918)
Senussi commence hostilities against British by attacking Egyptian post at Sollum (see 6th and 23rd)
Japanese battleship "Kawachi" destroyed by internal explosion
British seaplane raid on Cuxhaven
Battle of Riga ends (see 1st and 3rd)
President Wilson replies to the Austrian Note rejecting suggestion for a peace conference (see 15th, and October 4th)
Germany and Austria proclaim an "Independent State of Poland" (see April 3rd, 1915, and March 30th, 1917)
Russian forces cross the Danube into the Dobrudja to assist the Rumanian forces (see 17th, 27th, and September 2nd)
Battles of Ypres, 19 4, end (see October 19th, 31st, and November 11th, 1914, and April 22nd, 1915)
German airship "L
Field-Marshal Sir John French resigns as Commander-in-Chief of British armies in France (see 19th, and August 4th, 1914, and May 5th, 1918)
Proclamation issued by Russian Commander-in-Chief (The Grand Duke Nicholas) promising autonomy to Poland (see April 3rd, 1915)
The Czecho-Slovaks declare War on Germany
Battle of La Malmaison begins (see November 1st)
German High Seas Fleet recalled from Norway to war bases
German Airship "L.Z.-39" destroyed near Grodno.
British hospital ship "Llandovery Castle" sunk by submarine off Irish coast
"Ryasan ") interned at Guam
British, French, and Italian Governments conclude provisional arrangement with regard to future policy in Asia Minor (see May 16th, 1916, and July 27th, 1917)
Hsu-Shih-Chang eleced President of China (see October 11th)
Cernavoda (Dobrudja) captured by Bulgarian forces (see 22nd)
Gorizia taken by Italian forces (see 6th)
Dutch Government protest against modifications of the Declara- tion of London (see October 29th)
Siege of Kut begins (see 3rd, and January 4th and April 29th, 1916)
" Astrea" bombards Dar es Salaam (see September 4th, 1916)
Entente forces enter the town (see 1st)
Peru severs diplomatic relations with Germany
Battle of Dyinak ends (see September 9th)
Battle of the Matz begins (see 14th)
Kilwa, on East African coat, occupied b)y British naval forces
"Scharnhorst," "Gneisenau," "Leipzig," and "Ntunimberg" sunk
Mutiny breaks out in German Fleet at Wilhelmehaven (see November 3rd, 1918)
End of first phase of Battle of Marasesti (see July 22nd)
British Government issue orders for the raising of the first New Army of six Divisions (see May 9th, 1915)
German submarine "U.-53" captures and destroys five ships outside Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
Yenbo, port of Medina, surrenders to Arab forces (see June 5th)
Sazonov, Russian Foreign Minister, resigns* and is succeeded by M
General Sir Charles Monro appointed Commander-in-Chief reconstituted Mediterranean Expeditionary Force with Sir William Birdwood General Officer Commanding Dardanelles Army (see 4th, and January 9th, 1916)
British defence of Resht (North-West Persia)
Douglas, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Great Britain, dies* (see 26th)
General Kornilov surrenders to the Provisional Government (see 13th)
First Action of Krivolak (Macedonia)
Count Terauchi relinquishes temporary appointment as Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (see 21st, and October 9th)
Chateau-Thierry and Dormans captured (see July 21st)
(see February 21st)
Battle of Limanova-Lapanov begins (see 17th)
Artur von Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, resigns (see Novemrber 21st, 1916, and August 5th, 1917)
Battle of Flers-Courcelette (Somme) ends (see 15th)
First German naval raid on British coast near Gorleston and Yarmouth
Representatives of Central Powers leave Teheran (Persia) on approach of Russian forces
Indian Corps begins to leave France for Mesopotamia (see October 19th, 1914)
Agreement signed between France, Great Britain, United States of America, and Murman Sovdep concerning Allied expedition to Murman Coast (see June 30th)
Riga captured by German forces (see 1st and 5th, and October 16th)
Montenegro declares "state of war" with Bulgaria
﻿ JSth
Kilosa (German East Africa) taken by British forces
Trebizond (Black Sea) bombarded by Russian squadron (see April 6th, 1916)
Murray as General Officer Commanding in Egypt (see March 19th, 1916)
Entente Governments send Note to Greece demanding demobilisa- tion and change of Government
General Stewart succeeded in command of British forces in East Africa by General Aitken (see September 1st and December 4th)
Poland severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see November 16th)
Samsam es Sultaneh reappointed Persian Prime Minister (see May 31st and August 3rd)
Viscount Milner appointed Secretary of State for War, Great Britain
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo begins (see September 12th)
Dutch Government accept with reservations the Allied terms for use of Dutch shipping in United States and Entente ports (see 7
Italy declares war on Turkey
Turkish garrison of Mecca surrenders to the Sherif (see 5th)
Prince Louis of Battenberg, First Sea Lord, Great Britain, resigns! (see 30th)
"Cassandra" sunk by mine in the Baltic (night 4th/5th)
Briand succeeds M
British force lands at Kenm (North Russia) (see May 24th)
Helsingfors (Finland) captured by German forces (12th/14th) (see 3 rd and 4th)
General Kornilov succeeds General Brusilov as Russian Coin- mnander-in-Chief (see June 4th and September 8th)
Agreement concluded between French and Italian Governments Defining respective zones of influence in Asia Minor (see August 18th)
Venizelos) obtains secret consent of King Con- stantine to proposed Entente expedition to Salonika (see 24th and 28th)
General Skoropadski proclaimed Hetman (see May 9th)
Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Somme) ends (see 14th)
Advanced troops of Indian Expeditionary Force "D" effect landing In Mesopotamia at Fao (see 22nd, and October 23rd).
General Brusilov succeeds General Alexeiev as Russian Com- mander-in-Chief (see September 5th, 1915, and August 1st, 1917)
End of the main Austrian offensive in the Trentino (see 16th, and May 14th)
Czernowitz (Bukovina) reoccupied by Austrian forces (see 28th, and September 15th)
Battle of Warsaw ends (see 9th)
French troops cross German frontier
Kumanolo and (iskb (Skoplje) taken by Bulgarian forces
Craonne again taken by German forces (see May 4th, 1917, and October 12th, 1918)
Japanese and British marines land at Vladivostok (see August 2nd and 3rd)
General Brusilov appointed to command Russian Southern Armies (see June 4th)
Minelaying in the open sea (between the Goodwins and Ostecd) ! commenced by British (see August 5th)
"Vanguard" sunk by internal explosion in harbour
Bulgarian Government order partial mobilisation (see 22nd)
Kirmanshah (Persia) reoccupied by Turkish forces (see February 26th, 1916, and March 11th, 1917)
Government of India announce immunity of the Mussulman Holy Places during hostilities with Turkey
General P4tain succeeds General Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief of French Northern and North-Eastern Groups of Armies (see April 29th, 1917, and November 19th, 1918)
Rowanduz (Northern Mesopotamia) occupied by Russian forces
Armentibres recaptured by Allied forces (see 9th, and April 11th, 1918)
Luxembourg frontier crossed by United States forces (see August 2nd, 1914)
British hospital ship "Asturias" torpedoed off Start Point
Miss Edith Cavell shot in Brussels by order of a German court- martial
de Souza Barboza, appointed Portuguese Secretary of the Interior f (see 15th, and December 22nd)
Noyon taken by German forces (see March 18th, 1917, and August 29th, 1918)
Declara- tion of War by Provisional Government against Germany and Bulgaria of November 23rd, 1916, becomes effective for the whole of Greece
Ruad Island, off Syrian coast, occupied by French forces
and July 7th)
Field-Marshal Mackensen and his forces surrender to the Hungarians near Budapest
Armistice on the Western Front prolonged to January 17th, 1919 (see November 11th)
Mush (Armenia) occupied by Turkish forces (see August 24th, 1916)
(see January 28th)
Battle of Bethune (Lys)
Battle of Lake Naroch ends (see March 18th)
Ypres reoccupied by Allied forces retreating from Ghent (see 3rd and 19th)
Signed in Marshal Foch's special train at Rethondee Station in the Forest of Compibgne
"Livonia ") sunk by British submarine in the Baltic
Blocking attack on Ostend
Congress of Soviets meet at Moscow to ratify treaty of peace with Central Powers (see 3rd)
Haiti severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see July 12th, 1918)
Battle of Frezenberg Ridge (Ypres) begins (see 13th)
H.M.S. Baralong (special service ship) destroys German submarine "U.-27."
Second Coitipulsory Service Act comes into operation in Great Britain (see May 25th and April 10th, 1918)
Battle of Gheluvelt (Ypres) begins (see 31st)
National Assembly of the Rumanians of Transylvania, the Banat and other districts of Hungary, assembled at Alba-Julia (Transylvania), decree their union with Rumania (see 7th, 10th, and 27th)
British ambulance transports "Lanfranc" and "Donegal "torpedoed and sunk in English Channel
Ngaundere (Cameroons) captured by the Allied Northern Force
Trenchmrd
Indian Expeditionary Force "F "(in Egypt) absorbed into Indian Expeditionary Force "E" (see October 2nd, 1914, and November 2nd and 16th, 1914)
Russian troops from the Far East arrive at Marseilles (see July 30th)
Battles of Warsaw and Ivangorod begin (see 19th and 20th)
Czech forces at Ekaterinenburg proclaim national independence
Military Convention signed at Bobrnisk between Germany and Poland
'King of Montenegro issues manifesto in favour of a confederated Yugo-Slavia with autonomous States (see 29th, and November 7th and 28rd)
Anglo-French Conference assembles in London to discuss the Athens and Thessaly (continued on 29th) (see June 11th)
German airship "L.-12" extensively damaged by British aircraft off Ostend.
Shavli (Baltic Provinces) occupied by German forces (see May 11th)
President Wilson delivers Message to Congress laying down the "Fourteen Points" (see February 11th)
Grand Fleet withdraws from Scapa Flow to West of Scotland (see 17th, and November 3rd)
Yugo-Slav National Council vote for union with Serbia and formation of a common State with Serbia and Montenegro (see 7th, 29th, October 29th and December 4th)
"Jason" (torpedo gunboat) sunk by mine off west coast of Scothd
Ekaterinoslav (South Russia) taken by German forces
British army begins to leave the Aisne and to move northwards (see 19th)
King Peter of Serbia re-enters Belgrade (see 1st, and January 17th, 1916)
Vilna taken by German forces (see 9th)
General Dunsterville's Mission reaches Enzeli (North-West Persia) (see May 21st, 1915, January 27th and April 1st, 1918)
" Affairs near Karonga (Nyassaland)
Pershing appointed to command United States Expeditionary Force (see June 8th)
The Pope sends appeal for peace to belligerent Governments (see November 5th, 1914, and August 1st, 1917)
First Affair of Hafiz Kor (North-West Frontier of India)
Agreement signed at Berlin re employment of British and German prisoners of war (see 29th)
New Zealand Expeditionary Force leaves New Zealand for France (see December 1st)
Russian Admiral Kolchak proclaimed "Dictator of all Russia
Ribot succeeds M
M. Briand, French Premier, and Minister for Foreign Affairs, resigns (see 20th, and October 30th, 1915)
General Roques succeeds General Gallieni as French Minister for War (see October 30th, 1915, and March 17th, 1917)
German Government submit note to Entente Governments approving Austrian ultimatum to Serbia (see 23rd)
First use of wireless telegraphy from aeroplane to artillery (by British Royal Flying Corps)
Allied Governments agree to Germany's proposal for an armistice and peace on basis of President Wilson's proposals of January 8th (see 5th and October 23rd)
Italy accedes to Franco-British Convention as to naval "prizes" (see November 9th, 1914)
British Foreign Minister (Sir E
British Government announce enlargement of powers of Supreme War Counll at Yersilles (see November 7th, 1917, and December 1st, 1917)
"Pathfinder" sunk by submarine in the North Sea (first British warship so destroyed)
Second German destroyer raid on Ramsgate (night 26th/27th) (see March 18th)
Great Austro-German Offensive on Eastern front begins
sunk by mine off Odessa
Battle of Messines, 1914, begins (see November 2nd)
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, abdicates (see 12th, apd July 16th, 1918)
First Battle of Przasnysz ends (see 22nd)
Sarim ed Douleh appointed Persian Foreign Minister (see 5th, and August 29th)
First bombardment of Reims Cathedral by German artillery (see 14th)
Hostilities between Entente and Turkey cease at 12 noon (see 30th)
Negotiations between Russian Bolshevik Government and Central Powers once more suspended (see 8th, 22nd and 30th)
Battle of Vimy Ridge and First Battle of the Scarpe end (see 9th)
San Giovanni de Medua (Albania) occupied by Montenegrin forces (see July 29th)
1St
Revolution breaks out in Berlin
"Laconia" sunk by submarine (see 27th)
General Cadorna appointed Commander-in-Chief* of Italian Armies in the Field (see November 7th, 1917)
Dorpat (Estonia) occupied by German forces (see December 26th)
Kirmanshah (Western Persia) occupied by Russian forces (see January 13th and July 1st)
t British date ﻿
Wekerle, Hungarian Premier, resigns (see April 27th and November 1st)
The Czecho-Slovaks declare independence (see August 13th, September 3rd, and November 14th)
Declslve day of Battle of Barl Bair (see 6th and 10th)
Muavin ed Douleh, Persian Foreign Minister, resigns (see February 20th and April 27th)
British Premier (Mr
The Air Council takes over functions of Air Board (see May 17th, 1916, and November 29th and December 21st, 1917)
Poincard) to open conversations with a
Passchendaele retaken by Allied forces (see 28th, and April 16th).
Allied Conference in Paris resolve to establish an Allied Maritime Transport Council (see January 6th and November 3rd, 1917, and February 15th, 1918).
"Campania" sunk by collision in the Firth of Forth
German "unrestricted submarine warfare" begins (see January 31st)
The Winter Battle in Masuria (East Prussia) begins (see 22nd)
President Wilson delivers Message to Congress laying down four additional Points (see January 8th and October 6th)
Second Battle of Lemberg begins (see 11th)
Tripoli (Syria) occupied by Allied forces
Nasiriya (Mesopotamia) taken by British forces (see June 27th)
Japanese Government inform British Government of German over- tures for separate peace
Davignon was appointed on February 28th, 1914) (see August 4th, 1917)
Naval action off the Aaland Islands
Joaquim T
Venizelos (see 5th)
Jose d'Almeida succeeds Dr
The Kaiser receives at Potsdam special envoy from Austrian Emperor and promises "the full support of Germany" in the event of Austrian action against Serbia
Last British merchant vessels (5
) Belgian Government reply to President Wilson's Note placing them- selves in hands of Allies (see December 18th, 1916, and September 15th, 1918)
Actions for Et Tafile by the Arab forces end (see 1st)
Chios (Aegean) occupied by British forces
Reims taken by German forces (see 14th)
French Government inform United States Government that they will observe "Declaration of London" subject to certain modifications
Sidon (Syria) occupied by British forces
First Battle of the Isonzo ends (see June 29th)
Murman Railway (from Murmansk to Petrograd) declaredd open
French cruiser "Chtteau Renault" sunk by submarine
Kirmanshah (West Persia) occupied by Turkish forces (see February 26th)
General Byelyaev, Russian Minister for War, removed from office by Revolutionary party (see 12th, 15th, and January 17th)
Asquith (see December 11th, 1916 )
Net barrage across North Channel (between Ireland and Scotland) established
Prince Firman Firma, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see 6th, and December 25th, 1915)
Battle of the Drina ends (see 8th)*
Battle of Sharqat ends (see 28th)
ment of Chinese labour in France
Jasin (East Africa) captured by German forces (see 18th, and December 21st, 1914)
Amiens entered by German forces (see September 13th)
Battle of the Canal du Nord ends (see September 27th)
Battle of the Arges (Rumania) begins (see 5th)
Italian naval raid on Trieste harbour (night 9th/10th)
Flit Attempt to relieve Kut begins: relieving force begins advance from 'Ali Gharbi (see 21st, and December 7th, 1915)
German forces withdraw from front line positions on the Ancre (see November 18th, 1916, and March 14th, 1917)
Van (Armenia) taken by Russian forces
Ovem (Cameroons) occupied by French forces
Kerenski as Premier and latter succeeds M
Provisional Government of Essad Pasha leaves Durazzo (see 28th
Serbian advance in Syrmia abandoned (see 6th and 17th)
Battle of Courtrai ends (see 14th)
British Government guarantee armed support to Belgium should Germany violate Belgian neutrality
President Wilson issues ('ircular Note suggesting negotiations for peace (see 26th)
British defence of Jerusalem ends (see 26th)
t Baron Beyen, officiated in the appointment from July 26th, 1915, till January 18th, 1916, during which period M
Battle of !pres, 1918, begins (see November 10th, 1917, and October 2nd, 1918)
Third Battle of Krithia (Dardanelles)
French Government issue decrees similar to British Order in Council and Proclamation of the 11th March
of hostilities between the Russian and German Armies begins (see 8th)
Allied Naval Conference held in London as to policy in Mediterranean (see November 30th)
British advance in Flanders begins: Action of Outtersteene Ridge
Chinese Government yield to Japanese demands (see 7th and 25th)
Aden Protectorate invaded by Turkish forces
Greek Government decline to intervene on behalf of Serbia (see 24th and 25th, and February 15th)
Michaelis as German Inper:al Chancellor (see July 14th, 1917, and September 30th, 1918)
Australian Government place Australian Navy at disposal of British Admiralty
Oraonne again captured by French forces (see May 27th)
Ministry of Labour formed in Great Britain
Jasin (East Africa) occupied by British forces (see January 18th and 19th, 1915)
Keupri-Keui (Armenia) again captured by Russian forces (see December 17, 1914)
Longwy capitulates to German forces (see 20th)
Austrian Government send Note to President Wilson suggesting an "unofficial" peace conference (see 16th, and January 12th, 1917)
Russian Government send circular telegram to Entente Governments laying claim to Constantinople (see 12th)
Serbia declares war on Germany (see July 28th)
Austrian forces cross River Drina and begin first invasion of Serbia (see 25th)
German airship "L.-53" destroyed off Frisian coast. (Last German airship to be destroyed.)
Montenegrin Government order Mobilisation (see August 5th)
) (See May 31st, 1915, and August 5th, 1918
King Ferdinand of Bulgaria abdicates in favour of his son Prince Boris (see September 30th and November 1st)
Massacre of Venizelists in Athens (see 1st, and November 23rd)
Murray takes over command of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (see 9th)
Valenciennes taken by German forces (see November 3rd, 1918)
Second Battle of Bapaunm ends (see August 31st)
Constanza (I)obrudja) captured by German and Bulgarian forces
Kut placed in state of defence (see 3rd and 7th)
British Grand Fleet constituted under Admiral Sir John Jelliroe (see November 29th and December 4th, 1916)
Hostilities commence in East Africa (see 15th)
French battleship "Gaulois" sunk by submarine in the Mediter- ranean
Battle of Soissons ends (see 8th)
Goremikin, Russian Premier, resigns (date of appointment January 30th, 1914)
First Battle of Guise ends (see 29th, and November 4th, 1918)
Hostilities between Bulgaria and Entente Powers cease at 12 noon
German airship raid on East coast of England: airship "L.-34" destroyed by aeroplane off Hartlepool, and "L.-21 destroyed by aeroplane off Yarmouth (night 27th/28th).
Stiimner, Russian Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns, and is succeeded by M
Dar es Salaam (German East Africa) surrenders to British forces (see August 8th, 1014)
Howard) appointed to the Vatican
Evacuation of remainder of Gallipoli Peninsula ordered (see 20th, and January 8th, 1916)
Battle of Charlerol begins (see 24th)
Noyon retaken by French forces (see March 25th)
Greek Cabinet (Kalogeropoulos) resign (see 10th, and September 10th)
Bolshevik coup d'tat in Petrograd
Danish merchants and manufacturers conclude agreement with the British Government to restrict supplies to Germany
Libau bombarded by German cruiser "Augsburg "(see November 17th)
Naval Convention between France and Great Britain concluded in London
Greek Government aooept Allied Ultimatum (see 14th)
Urmia (North Persia) evacuated by Russian forces ( (see April 16th)
First Military Service Bill pas ed by British House of Commons (see February 10th)
Doumerguef as French Foreign Minister
Battle of the Ancre, 1916, ends (see 13th), and Battles of the Somme, 1916, end (see July 1st, 1916, March 14th and April 5th, 1917, and March 21st, 1918)
Rumania severs diplomatic relations with Bulgaria (see September 1st)
Affair of Miranshah (North-West Frontier of India) (28th/29th)
Last forts of Liege captured by German forces (16th/l7th) (see 4th and 7th)
Third Battle of Gaza begins (see April 19th and November 7th)
Lloyd George (see September 30th, 1915, and July 7th and April 20th, 1918)
Great Britain declares adherence to Franco-Moorish Treaty of 1912
Battle of Hill 70 (Lens) ends (see 15th)
Actions of Chamova (Archangel front) begin (see 14th)
Second German offensive against Warsaw
Battle of Cambral, 1917, begins (see 30th, and December 3rd)
Yuan-Shih-Kai accepts throne of China (see March 22nd, 1916, and June 6th, 1916)
German warships "Goeben" and "Breslau" enter the Dardenelles (see 4th and 7th)
First meeting of British War Council (see May 14th, 1915)
Montdidier retaken by French forces (see 8th, and March 27th)
Second Battle of the Marne ends (see July 18th)
Moon Island and Dago Island (Baltic) captured by German forces (see 11th and 12th)
Compulsory Service Act comes into operation in Canada (see July 6th)
Serbian Government order Mobilisation (see 23rd)
General Sir Charles Monro appointed to command Salonika Force
General Franchet d'Esperey appointed Commander-in-Chief Allie:d Forces, Salonika (see 6th)
Lindi, on East African coast, occupied by British naval forces
Second Russian invasion of North Hungary ends (see November 15th)
British Government refuse passports for Stockholm Conference (see 10th)
Italian contingent lands at Murmansk to join Allied Expeditionary ] Force (see July 26th)
Affairs in the Dakhla Oasis (West Egypt) begin (see 22nd)
Roger ('asement executed (see April 20th)
Battle of Nonneboschen (Ypres)
Jalanese ('overnnent unable to conl)ly with request of British, (overnment that two Japanese battle cruisers should join the Randd Fleet in the North Sea (see 1"ebruary 8th, 1916, and April 17th, 1917)
General Joffre, Chief of French General Staff from July 28th, 1911, appointed Commander-in-Chief French Armies
Germany declares war on Belgium
Montenegro severs diplomatic relations with Germany
There were also I1 reconnaissance flights over parts of Great Britain or in the vicinity of the coast when no bombs were dropped
Battle of Polygon Wood (Ypres) begins (see October 3rd)
Millerand, French Minister for War, resigns (see 30th, and August 27th, 1914)
Venizelos) at Salonika declare war on Germany and Bulgaria (see September 29th, 1916, and June 27th, 1917)
Serbian Government declare that Serbia will never make peace without Allied consent
Naval action on Lake Tanganyika: German gunboat "Kingani" captured by H
Longwy invested by German forces (see 26th)
Roye recaptured by British forces (see March 26th)
Venizelos and Admiral Condouriotis announce formation of Greek Provisional Government in Crete in opposition to the Government at Athens (see December 19th)
Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Somme) begins (see 17th)
Great Britain annexes Cyprus
British military operations against the Senussi commence (see December 13th, 1915, and February 8th, 1917): Sollum post evacuated (see 14th)
) (See June 5th, 1916
Fourth Battle of Champagne ends (see 15th)
First party of repatriated British prisoners reaches England from Switzerland (see May 13th, 1916)
Greek Government reject British offer of Cyprus (see 16th)
Battle of the Ancre, 1916, begins (see 18th): Beaumont-Hamel stormed by British forces
-General Sir Percy Lake as Commander-in-Chief, Mesopotamia (see January 19th, and November 18th, 1917)
Russian forces begin withdrawal from Western Persia: Qasr-i-Shirin evacuated (see May 7th, 1916, March 25th, 1917, and January 8th, 1918)
Durazzo occupied by Italian forces (see 6th, and February 27th, 1916)
t General name covering all operations of the French armies up to the Battle of the Marne
Battle of the Strypa ends (see 11th)
Battle of La Bass6e ends (see October 10th)
Sultan Mohammed V of Turkey dies
Dr. Wekerle appointed Hungarian Premier (see 9th, ani April 17th, 1918).
Second Affair of Hafiz Kor (North-West Frontier of India)
da l'aes, Portuguese Premier, resigns (see 16th, and December 10th, 1917)
Battle of Gorizla (6th Battle of the Isonzo) ends (see 6th) End of "Brusilov's Offensive "* (see June 4th)
Japanese Cabinet decide against despatch of troops or warships to Europe (see February 8th, 1916, and April 17th, 1917)
Battle of Mount Sorrel (Ypres) ends (see 2nd)
British hospital ship "Goorkha" damaged by mine off Malta
First meeting of newly-constituted War Committee of British Cabinet to replace the Dardanelles Committee (see October 30th, 1915, and December 1st, 1916)
Battle of the Matz ends (see 9th)
Battle of Flers-Courcelette (Somme) begins (see 22nd)
First Battle of Kcmmel Ridge (Lys) begins (see 19th)
Second phase of Battle of Maraseatl begins (see 1st, and September 3rd)
Venizelos) asks British and French Govern- ments to land troops at Salonika as soon as possible (see 3rd and 5th, and September 28th)
Frederinkshamn (South Finland) captured by Finnish White Guards: End of the Finnish Civil War
Battle of the Yser ends* (see October 16th)
Russian troops from France land at Salonika and join Allied force (see April 20th)
Corinth and Larissa occupied by Entente forces
British Government declare to M
Yuan-Shih-Kai, President of China, dies (date of election October 6th, 1913)
Costa Rica severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see May 23rd, 1918)
-General Sir Bryan Mahon appointed General Officer Com- manding British Forces, Balkans (see May 9th, 1916)
British Marines land at l'echenga (North Jiussia) (see May 24th)
Agreement reached between Italy and the Yugo-Slavs ("Pact of Rome").
Kerenski succeeds Prince Lvov as Premier of Russia temporarily (see March 15th and August 6th)
General Sir J
Kars (Georgia) occupied by Turkish forces
German commercial submarine "Deutschland" arrives at Norfolk (Va
German cruiser "Karlsruhe" sunk in the Atlantic by internal explosion (see August 6th)
Count Tisza, Hungarian Premier, resigns* (see June 15th, 1917, and October 31st, 1918)
Kazan (East Russia) captured by Czecho-Slovak forces
Agreement signed at London re the employment of British and German prisoners of war (see 10th)
British advance from Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland across the frontier into German East Africa begins (see 27th)
General Sir William Birdwood takes over temporary command of Mediterranean Expeditionary Force from Sir Ian Hamilton (see 15th and 28th)
General F
Enzeli (Persia) evacuated by the Russian regular forces (see February 17th)
Concerted attack by German submarin s on United States transports
United States Government request recall of Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, Dr
Fort Thiaumont (Verdun) finally stormed by German forces* (see 30th)
Single aeroplane by moonlight (see November 28th, 1916, and September 4th, 1917, and May 19th, 1918)
Sollum (Western Egypt) attacked by German submarine (see 14th)
British and French Governments conclude "Sykes-Picot" agreement as to eventual partition of Asia Minor (see April 26th and May 23rd)
Last German troops recross French frontier (see August 2nd, 1914)
Austro-German forces effect passage of the Save and Danube (see 6th)
Agreement between Entente Powers, Japan, and China against German penetration in Far East announced
Dutch ships in British ports requisitioned by British Government, and 1)utch ships in United States ports requisitioned by Unitt
Venizelos again appointed Premier of Greece in succession to M
" Approximate date
New Cabinet formed
Lahej (Southern Arabia) reoccupied by British forces (see July 4th, 1915)
Augusto da Costa succeeds Dr
Raid by British naval light forces on the Kattegat (see November 2nd, 1917)
Agreement signed at Berlin for transfer of British and German wounded and sick prisoners of war to Switzerland (see May 13th)
German force in East Africa reaches the Chambezi River (Rhodesia)
Second action of Es Salt ews (see April 80th)
Chiehtrin appointed Russian Foreign Minister and M
Narva (Estonia) occupied by German forces (see November 28th)
Keupri-Keui (Armenia) taken by Russian forces (see 14th)
Kowno stormed by German forces (17th/18th)
Libau (Baltic Provinces) taken by German forces (see April 30th)
"Hampshire" sunk by mine off Scottish coast
Edea (Cameroons) occupied by French forces
Montenegrin National Assembly (Skupshtina) meet at Podgorites and vote for union with Serbia (see 28rd)
British hospital ship "Salta" mined off Havre
Samsam es Sultaneh, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see 3rd, and June 20th)
French Prize Court declare seizure of S
Battle of Messines, 1918 (10th/11th): Messines taken by German forces (see June 14th, 1917, and September 28th, 1918).
Serbian Army Headquarters land at Salonika from Corfu (see 3rd)
German Counter-Offensive on the Eastern Front: Battle of East Galicla begins (see 28th, and June 29th)
Evacuation of Antwerp begun
Greek Government order precautionary mobilisation
Blooking rald by British naval light forces on Ostend and Zeebrugge (see May 9th)
Jericho taken by British forces (19th/21st)
Russian
Battle of Bullecourt ends (see 3rd)
Bushire (South Persia) occupied by British forces (see July 12th and September 9th)
Secret agreement signed in London between Italian Government and the Entente for Italian co-operation in the war and declara- tions by which Italy adheres to the Pact of London (see September 5th, 1914, and May 4th, November 30th, and December 1st, 1915)
Second Military Service Act becomes law in Great Britain (see 16th, and June 8th)
Sultan of Darfur defeated by Sudan force in affair of Beringiya (Darfur) (see 23rd, March 16th and November 6th)
German submarines attempt raid on Scapa Flow (see 18th)
French troops land in Constantinople (see 18th)
First Battle of Gaza ends (see 26th, and April 17th)
Cologne bombed by day
Montdidier taken by (lerman forces (see August 10th)
Bapaume occupied by German forces (see March 17th, 1917)
Distinctive markings on German aircraft first reported (see November 12th)
Fiume occupied by
Second Allied Attack on Mora (Cameroons) (8th/9th)
Bratianu, Rumanian Premier, resigns (appointed January 14th, 1914) (see 9th)
End of Third Battle of the Scarpe, 1917 (see 3rd) brings Battles of Aroas, 1917, to an end (see April 9th)
Battle of Shalba (Mesopotamia) ends (see 12th)
Yabasi (Cameroons) captured by Allied forces
Mulhouse again occupied by French forces (see August 25th, 1914)
Bapaume occupied by British forces (see September 26th, 1914, and March 24th, 1918).
Allied Blockade Committee formed
Austria-Hungary declares war on Portugal
British Proclamation issued adding to list of contraband (sec August 4th and December 23rd)
Independent Hungarian Government formed
Yugo-Slav National Council at Agram proclaim the union of all Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in one State (see November 23rd and 29th)
Erzerum taken by the Russian forces (see 12th, and March 12th, 1918)
Second Battle of the Scarpe, 1917 (Arras) (23rd/24th) (see 9th, and May 3rd)
Munitions of War Act, 1915, becomes law in Great Britain
Bosporus forts bombarded by Russian Black Sea Fleet (see April 25th)
King Charles of Rumania dies, and is succeeded by his son Ferdinand
Armistice concluded between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. Hostilities on the Western Front cease at 11:00am (see 8th, and December 14th).
Russian Revolution begins (see 13th, 14th and 15th)
Preliminary treaty of peace between Rumania and the Central Powers, Bulgaria and Turkey signed at Buftea (see December 9th, 1917, and February 25th and May 7th, 1918)
German force landed in the Aaland Islands at request of Finnish Government (see 3rd)
Rebellion in South Africa begins (see 1)ecemtber 1st and 28th)
Battle of Sharqat (Mesopotamia) begins (see 30th)
Italy denounces the Triple Alliance (see April 26th)
Russian Constituent Assembly again meet in Petrograd (see 19th, and December 18th, 1917)
Otl
Jos6 de Castro succeeds Senhor J
Battle of the Stryj ends (see May 24th)
Action of Jakalswater (German South-West Africa)
Allied Naval attack on the Dardanelles forts repulsed (see February 19th)
Russian attack on Trebzond begins (see 17th, and March 4th)
Austro-Hungarian counter-offensive in Gallola begins (see 3rd)
Marghiloman, Rumanian Premier, and M
Kut reoccupied by British forces (see 24th, and January 9th)
"Dacia" sails from United States for Bremen (Germany) with cargo of cotton (see 27th, and January 6th)
General Sir H
Lieut.-General Sir C.F.N. Macready appointed Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain (see 21st, and August 30th, 1918).
German light cruiser "Emden" makes her first capture in the Inlian Ocean (Greek collier "Pontoporos ") (see 22nd, and October 28th)
Ostend (see Octobe' 15th, 1914), Lille (see October 12th, 1914), and Donal (see August 26th, 1914) retaken by Allied forces
Battle of Sari Bair (Dardanelles) begins (see 9th and 10th)
Julien (Ypres) begins (see May 4th)
Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss appointed First Sea Lord, Great Britain (see 26th)
German raider "Moewe" returns to Kiel from her second cruise (see November 26th, 1916)
Amara (Mesopotamia) captured by British forces
Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins (see 13th)
Allied Naval Conference formed in London (see January 24th)
Inter-Allied Conference in Paris (26th/28th)
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force "A "land at Marseiles (see 19th, and October 19th)
First siege begins (see October 9th)
Hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Entente cease (see 3rd and 15th)
German airship "L.Z.-77" brought down by French gunfire at Revigny (night 21st/22nd).
Serbian passage of the Save
Nish (Serbia) reoccupied by Allied forces (see November Uth, 1915)
Albania to be ceded to Bulgaria in return for Bulgarian participation in war
Battle of Shalba (Mesopotamla) begins (see 14th)
Secret Convention signed at Brest-Litovsk between Germany and Russian Bolshevik Government concerning Poland.
resigns (appointed October 24th, 1911) (see 28th)
Stanislau (Galicia) recaptured by Russian forces (see February 19th and June 8th)
Allied Military Conference held at Chantilly regarding a general summer offensive
Merv retaken by British and Russian forces (see August 18th)
Battle of Kut, 1917, begins (see December 13th, 1916, and February 23rd and 24th, 1917)
(Discussions continued on the 6th and 7th
Lieut.-General The Hon. Sir H.A. Lawrence appointed Chief of the General Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 27th).
German Government send Note to United States Government stating that defensively armed merchantmen will be treated as belligerents from March 1st onwards (see 21st)
Russian attack on Erzerum begins (see 16th, and January 11th)
French Government transferred from Paris to Bordeaux (see November 18th)
Action near Pyavozero Lake (Murman front)
Second Battle of Krasnik begins (see 19th)
Dutch S
(General Allenby makes formal entry into Jerusalem (see 9th)
Entente Governments inform Greek Government of proposed trans- port of Serbian Army to Corfu (see 11th and 15th)
Ghent reoccupied by Belgian forces (see October 12th, 1914)
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force "A" leave India for France (in first place for Egypt) (see September 26th)
Passage of the Diyala (near Baghdad) (7th/10th)
Entente Governments declare that they will hold Turkish Ministers personally responsible for the Armenian massacres (see April 8th)
Norwegian S
German extended submarine campaign begins (see February 29th)
Action between British armed merchant cruiser "Carmania" and German armed merchant cruiser "Cap Trafalgar" in the South Atlantic: latter sunk
Austrian Government ask Italy for an armistice (see 4th, and November 3rd)
to function on the formation of the War Cabinet which undertook the duties of the War Consaittee
British Government assure Russian Bolshevik Government of their support in the creation of an independent Poland (see April 5t1h, 1917, and February 20th, 1918)
Sedan taken by German forces (see November 6th, 1918)
Count Yasuya Uchida appointed Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (see 28th)
Turkish Attack on Perim (14th/15th)
Allied Commander-in-Chief in the Cameroons decides to abandon the advance on Yaunde (see 28th, and April 12th)
Hostilities between Rumania and Central Powers suspended (see 9th and 10th, and March 5th, May 7th, and November 10th, 1918)
Scandinavian Governments' joint protest against German submarine warfare published
Jaroslaw taken by Austro-German forces (see September 21st, 1914)
"Lusitania" arrives at Liverpool flying United States flag (see 7th, January 3)th and May 7th)
Lieut.-General Sir G.H. Fowke appointed Adjutant-General, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 21st).
Defence of Abercorn (Rhodesia) ends
Turkish Government Note to President Wilson proposing an armistice delivered at Washington
British operations for the capture of Kut begin (see May 19th, 1916
Antivari (Montenegro) occupied by Austrian forces (see March 1st, 1915, and November 4th, 1918)
Battle of Monastir-Doiran ends (see 18th)
Battle of Doiran, 1918, ends (see 18th and 22nd)
Siege of Garus (Cameroons) begins (see April 18th and June 10th)
British Government reply to Greek Government as to occupation of Lemnos, pleading military necessity (see 7th and 20th)
German force under Captain Tafel surrenders to the British in the Mwiti Valley (German East Africa)
Inter-Allied Conference* (Russia, France, Great Britain and Italy represented) assembles at Petrograd to discuss war policy, finance, supplies and co-operation (see February 20th)
Mora, the last German post in the Cameroons, surrenders to the - British
German forces cross frontier of North Rhodesia
Major-General Scheuch succeeds Major-General von Stein as German Minister for War (see October 30th, 1916, and December 17th, 1918)
British Admiralty send "Warning Telegram" to the Fleets
Allied Note presented to Greece demanding complete demobilisation (see 1st and 14th)
Meeting of Scandinavian Kings at MaimS
Battle of Jaffa (Pal'estine) begins (see 22nd)
Japan severs diplomatic relations with Austria-Hungary (see 24th)
General Sir S. Maude, Commander-in-Chief in Mesopotamia, dies at Baghdad (see August 28th, 1916): succeeded by Lieut.-General Sir W.R. Marshall.
General Sir Douglas Haig promoted Field-Marshal (see December 19th, 1915)
General J
Battle of the St
Trepov) announces that the Allies have acknowledged Russia's right to Constantinople and the Straits (see March 12th and April 12th, 1915)
C(3ardosa da Paes succeeds 1)r
Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula completed (see 7th, and December 28th, 1915)
First Battle of Krasnik (Poland) begins (see 25th)
General von Hindenburg takes over command of German Eighth Army (see September 18th)
Battle of Przemysi begins (see June 3rd and 11th)
Prizren (Serbia) taken by Bulgarian forces (see October 11th, 1918) Italy announces her adherence to the Pact of London (see November 80th)
Great Britain declares war on Germany at 11 p.m. (midnight 4th-5th by Central European time).
Action between H
Ministry of Food formed in Great Britain (see 26th)
Tabriz (North Persia) occupied by Turkish forces (see 5th and 30th)
Airship raid on England
Battle of the Meuse ends (see 25th)
Turkish garrison of Ma'an surrenders near Amman (Palestine) (see 23rd)
Orsova (Hungary) taken by Austro-Gernan forces (see September 8th)
Affair of the Wadi Majid (Western Egypt)
Ala es Sultaneh, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (appointed January 11th, 1913) and is appointed Foreign Minister (see 18th, and February 20th, 1915)
Bolsheviki
Battle of Thiepval Ridge (Somme) begins (see 28th) Battle of Sibiu (Transylvania) begins (see 29th)
Arrival of British troops in Italy announced (see 3rd, and June 30th, 1918)
General Sir H. Smith-Dorrien appointed Commander-in-Chief of British forces in East Africa (see January 31st, 1916)
Turkish Government order Mobilisation (to commence August 3rd) (see October 29th)
Sir Edward Carson succeeds Mr
Battle of Sarlkamish (Caucasus) begins (see 17th, and January 2nd, 1915)
-General Sir Percy Lake takes over command of British forces in Mesopotamia from General Nixon (see 14th, and August 28th)
Nazareth and Beisan (Palestine) occupied by British cavalry (see 19th)
Rumanian forces cross Hungarian frontier and Invade Transylvania (see 27th)
Keupri-Keui (Armenia) again taken by Russian forces (see 14th, and December 17th)
Battle of Nebi Samwil (Palestine) ends (see 17th)
Evacuation of Suvia and Anzac begun (see 8th and 20th)
German troops cross frontier of British East Africa and occupy Taveta (see 8th
Battle of Montdidier ends (see 8th)
General Pimenta da Castro succeeds Senhor Coutinho as Portuguese Premier (see December 12th, 1914, and May 14th, 1915).
Ribot as French Foreign Minister (see September 12th and November 14th)
British Fleets ordered to war bases (see 26th)
Battle of Lowicz-Sanniki ends (see November 30th)
End of Second Austrian invasion of Serbia (see October 6th and 9th, 1915)
Action of the Wadi (Mesopotamnia) (13th/ 14th)
) forces in France)
Mpwapwa (German East Africa) occupied by British forces (see 5th)
Lieut.-General Sir A. Barrett takes over command of Indian Expeditionary Force "D "in Mesopotamia (see September 28th, 1914, and April 9th, 1915).
Agreement concluded between French Government and Netherlands Oversea Trust (see November 23rd, 1914, and November 23rd, 1915)
British ambulance transport "Warilda" sunk by submarine
Battle of Poelcapelle (Ypres)
Austrian battleship "Szent Istvan" sunk by Italian motor launch
Greek Government refuse Entente demands (see November 19th)
Silistra (Dobrudja) taken by German and Bulgarian forces (see 2nd)
Qurna occupied by British forces (see 8th)
German Government agree to Belgian proposal, made through Spanish Government, re African free trade zone (see 9th, and I November 20th)
Bailleul retaken by British forces (see April 15th).
Eighth Battle of the Isonzo begins (see 12th)
"Brussels," shot by order of a German court-martial in Belgium
Second Battle of l'asschendaele ends (see October 26th) and Battles of Ypres, 1917, end (see July 31st, 1917, and September 28th, 1918)
British Government order General Mobilisatlon
German armed merchant cruiser" Prinz Eitel Friedrich "leaves Tsingtau (see January 28th and April 8th, 1915)
Battle of Soissonais and Ourcq begins (see August 2nd)
Austrian forces cross the Danube and occupy Belgrade (see 15th, and November 30th)
General Sir W
) (See 19th, and August 29th, 1916
Second Battles of the Somme, 1918, begin with the Battle of Albert, 1918 (21st/23rd) (see September 3rd)
Krupp works at Essen bombed by French aeroplanes
Ministry of National Service formed in Great Britain (see December 19th, 1916).
Project approved in principle to appoint Council of War to co-ordinate Allied action (see December 29th)
Requisitioning (Carriage of Foodstuffs) Committee formed in Great Britain : Order in Council authorises requisition of ships for carriage of foodstuffs (see November 3rd, 1917)
Belgian Government order Mobilisation (see 24th)
New Government formed at Vladivostok under General Horvat (see August 24th)
German submarine bombards Scarborouglh (Yorkshire)
General Sir Charles Monro appointed to succeed Sir Ian Hamilton as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (see 17th and 28th, and March 17th)
Ninth Battle of the Isolizo ends (see October 31st)
Bitlis and Mush again taken by Russian forces (sea 15th, and April 30th, 1917)
British, Belgian, and French Governments withdraw proposal for neutralisation of African free trade zone in view of altered situation (see August 22nd)
(First units to cross by air
) Greek Cabinet (Skouloudhis) resign (see November 6th, 1915)
Messines taken by German forces (see June 7th, 1917)
British Expeditionary Forces "Syren" and "Elope" join the North Russian Expeditionary Force at Murmansk (see 4th, May 24th and July 26th)
German armed merchant cruiser "Cormoran" (ex-Russian , 8
Mctin as French Under-Secretary for Blockade (see March 20th, 1916, and November 16th, 1917)
First Offensive Battle" of Yerdun begins (see December 18th)
"Niger" sunk by German submarine off Deal
General Currie appointed to command Canadian troops in France
Ipek (Montenegro) taken by Austro-German forces (see October 14th, 1918)
I Soissons retaken by Allied forces (see May 29th)
Allied Governments present ultimatum to Turkey (see 29th)
Battle of Broodseinde (Ypres)
Last meeting of Dardanelles Committee of the British Cabinet (see June 7th and November 3rd)
Georgian Government and Armenian National Council sign peace treaties with Turkey (see May 6th and 26th)
t Baron de Broqueville and M
Tutrakan (1)obruldja) taken by Bulgarian forces (see 2nd)
Battle of the Falklands
German commerce raider "Seeadler" wrecked on Mopelia Island (Pacific) (see November 22nd, 1910)
Zaleszczyki (Galicia) recaptured by Austro-German forces (see June 12th, 1916)
Battle of Brasov (Transylvania) (7th/9th): city retaken by Austro- German forces (see August 29th)
Bevastopol taken by German forces (April 30th/May 1st)
Erzinjan (Armenia) captured by Russian forces
Greek Government conclude new loan with the Entente (£800,000) (see November 8th, 1915)
British submarine "B.-11" proceeds two miles up the Dardanelles. (First warship to enter Straits.) (See December 13th).
Battle of Messines, 1917, begins (see 14th
German forces retreat across the Marne (see 18th)
Sherif of Mecca begins revolt against Turkish rule (see 7th, 9th, and October 24th, 1915)
Battle of Langemarek, 1914 (Ypres), ends (see 21st)
Central Powers proclaim grant of temporary Constitution to Poland (see April 5th and October 15th, 1917, and January 10th, 1918)
Fire-en-Tardenois taken by Germnan forces (see 27th, and July 28th)
Venizelist revolt in Salonika (see September 25th and October 9th)
Battles of the Lys begin (see 29th) : Battle of Estaires (9th, 11th): Neuve Chapelle taken by German forces
Battle of Lowicz-Sanniki begins (see December 17th)
Michaelis (see October 30th)
Viscount lshii succeeds Marquis Okuma as Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (see August 10th, 1915, and October 9th, 1916)
Italian counter-offensive in the Trentino ends (see June 16th)
British Admiralty declare the North Sea a military zone
German Ambassador at Moscow (Count Mirbach) murdered (see April 9th)
German High Seas Fleet arrives at Rosyth, en route for internment in Scapa Flow (see 15th and 20th)
First German aeroplane raid on England by moonlight by more than one aeroplane (see 4th, and May 7th)
Third Battle of Artois ends (see September 25th)
t The appointment of Premier }sped between May 15th and December 23rd
Action of Khan Baghdadi (Mesopotamia) (26th j27th)
28tn
Action of Hafiz Kor (North-West Frontier of India)
Qasr-i-Shirin (West Persia) taken by Turkish forces Isee May 7th, 1916, and March 25th, 1917)
British Government issue orders for hostilities to commence against Turkey (see 30th, and November 1st and 5th)
Senhor Antunes appointed Acting Portuguese President (see 14th)
Nish taken by Bulgarian forces (see 3rd, and October 11th, 1918)
First Battle of Kemmel Ridge ends (see 17th and 26th)
Belgian Government set up at Havre (see 7th, and November 21st, 1918).
German airship "L.-20," returning from raid on Scotland, wrecked at Stavanger (Norway)
Polish Government (M
King of Greece refuses to support policy of Premier (M
Nicolaiev (South Russia) captured by German forces (see April 8th)
German airship "L.-48" destroyed by aeroplane at Theberton in Suffolk.
Novo-Georgievsk (Poland) stormed by German forces
German attack on Kondoa Irangi (East Africa) begins (see 10th,
Turkish warships bombard Odessa, Sevastopol, and Theodosla
Second German destroyer raid on Straits of Dover (night 20th /2lst)
Second Action of Krivolak (Macedonia)
Dutch hospital ship "Koningen Regentes" sunk by mine or torpedo
Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig issues Order of the Day to the British Army in France on the serious situation (" Backs to the Wall "order)
Third attack on Sanna-i-Yat repulsed (see 9th, 24th and 29th)
Antwerp capitnates to German forces (see 9th, and September 27th, 1914, and November 19th, 1918)
﻿ '25tlh
Lieut.-General Sir A.J. Murray appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Great Britain (see 25th, and January 24th and December 22nd).
The Battle of the Scherpenberg brings to an end the Battles of the Lys (see 9th)
Inter-Allied Conference on finance held in London (14th/15th)
British force repulsed (see 2nd, and July 7th, 1916)
Battle of Mount Sorrel (Ypres) begins (see 13th)
Transfer of British army from the Aisne to Flanders completed (see 3rd)
"Glitra ") (see February 19th and March 13th and 28th, 1915)
German forces in East Afrioa surrender to Allied forces at Abercorn (Rhodesia) (see 13th and 14th)
British Government inform Russian Provisional Government of their adherence to the principle of an independent and united Poland (see March 30th and September 12th, 1916, and January 10th, 1917
British submarines at Helsingfors destroyed to avoid capture (3rd/4th) (see 3rd)
Third Attempt to relieve Kut begins (see 5th, and March 8th)
Retreat of Austro-Hungarian forces in Galicla ends (see September i 11th)
Chief thereafter without further appointment
Dvinsk taken by German forces
Battles of the Somme, 1916, begin with Battle of Albert, 1916 (lst/13th) (see November 18th)
Austrian cruiser "Kaiserin Elizabeth" sunk in Tsingtau harbour
German airship "L.-22" destroyed in North Sea by British warships.
Warsaw o'oupied by German forces (see July 13th)
First German gas attack (see 14th)
Austrian offensive in the Trentino begins (see June 3rd)
Marquis di San Giuliano, Ttalian Foreign Minister, § dies (se
Antwerp reoccupied by Belgian forces (see October 10th, 1914)
Painlev6 appointed French Minister for War (see 17th, September 12th and November 14tli)
Senhor J
First Battle of Bapaume (24th/25th) : Bapaume and Pronne taken by German forces (see March 17th and 18th, 1917, and August 29th and September 1st, 1918)
German forces retreat from Kilimanjaro area
Yenz elos ngsumes power at Athens
Mutiny breaks out in the German fleet at Kiel (see August 3rd, 1917)
Durazzo reoccupied by Serbian forces (see July 17th and December 6th)
British S
General Coanda, Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns (see 1st and 14th)
Battle of Arleux (Arras) (28th/29th)
Sherif of Mecca opens direct negotiations with British Government I for co-operation against the Turks (see October 31st, 1914, and October 24th, 1915)
Deportations and massacres of Armenians by order of the Turkish Government commence* (see May 24th)
Capitulation of Kut (see 22nd, May 19th, 1916, and December 7th, 1915)
Lille capitulates to German forces (see September 5th, 1914, and October 17th
Hungarian Government (see 1st) concludes separate armistice with General Officer Commanding Allied Army (General Henry), at Belgrade (see 3rd)
First German merchant vessel (S
Nicaragua declares war on Germany and on Austria-Hungary (see May 18th, 1917)
General Averescu, Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns (see 21st, and February 9th)
Taveta (East Africa) taken by British forces (see 5th, and August 1th, 1914)
t British and French Governments guarantee to Belgium the integrity of her colonies
Count Tisza assassinated in Vienna (see May 23rd, 1917)
Japan presents ultimatum to China demanding territorial concessions (see 9th)
Treves occupied by United States troops
Second Battle of Gaza begins (see 19th, and March 27th)
Action of Gully Ravine (Dardanelles) begins (see July 2nd)
" commissioned
Armentieres and Merville taken by German forces (see October 11th and 17th, 1914, August 19th and October 3rd, 1918).
Kondoa Irangi (German East Africa) taken by British forces (se? 17th, and June 9th)
Last forts of Antwerp taken by German forces (see 10th, and September 27th)
Herr Ebert becomes Imperial Chancellor (see 10th, 28th, and October 4th)
Bulgarian mobilisation begins (see 22nd)
President Wilson states that he considers sinking of "Laconia" the "overt act" for which he was waiting (see 25th, and April 6th)
Kirmanshah (Western lPersia) occupied by British forces (see March 11th, 1917)
Albanian Provisional Government of Essad Pasha set up at Naples (see 24th, and September 20th)
Affair of Herbertshohe (German New Guinea) (see 11th and 17th)
Count Andrassy succeeds Baron Burian as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see April 17th and November 1st)
Second Battle of the Isonzo ends (see July 18th)
First Battle of Krithla (Dardanelles) (see May 6th)
Bolshevik demand made for meetings to be held at Stockholm (see 8th, and December 6th, 13th and 22nd, 1917)
First bombardment of Ostend by British warships (see 15th)
M.L. Delacroix succeeds M. Cooreman as Belgian Prime Minister (see May 31st) and M. Masson succeeds Lieut.-General de Ceuninck as Minister for War (see August 4th, 1917).
Light cruiser "Dresden," the last German cruiser left at sea, sunk by British warships in Chilean waters off Juan Fernandez (see December 8th, 1914, and April 26th, 1915)
Indian Expeditionary Force "E "formed in Egypt from details of Indian Expeditionary Force "A" (see August 24th, 1914, and March 25th, 1915)
Rethel taken by French forces
Affairs in the Siwa Oasis (West Egypt) begin (see 5th)
Representatives of Allied Governments arrange establishment of the "Allied Maritime Transport Council" (see December 3rd, 1917, and March 11th, 1918)
Lieut.-General Sir C.F.N. Macready, Adjutant-General, British Expeditionary Force, France, resigns (see 22nd, and August 4th, 1914).
Battle of Tarnavka ends (see 7th)
Entente Governments warn Montenegro that they will not recog nise her occupation of Albanian territory (see June 26th)
Capture of Hill 60 (Ypres) (17th/22nd)
Lieut.-General Sir George Milne succeeds Lieut.-General Sir Bryan Mahon as General Officer Commanding British Forces, Salonika (See October 28th, 1915).
"Hawke" sunk by German submarine in North Sea
French battleship "Danton" sunk by submarine in Mediterranean
Greek Government request explanation of British occupation of Lemnos (see 9th, and February 23rd)
da Costa as Portuguese Premier (see November 29th, 1915, and April 25th, 1917)
Council of Austro-Hungarian Ministers approve of draft ultimatum to Serbia
Admiral von Spee's squadron bombards Papeete in Tahiti (see August 6th and November 1st).
Administration of Carniola taken over from the Austro-Hungaria, authorities by Slovene leaders (see August 17th)
Extension of the British East Persia Cordon (see July 29th, 1915) into Khorasan begins
Battle of Cambral, 1918, begins (see 9th)
German light cruiser "K6nigsberg" destroyed in Rufiji River, German East Africa, by British monitors (see September 20th and October 31st, 1914)
Indecisive action in Black Sea between the "Goeben" and part of the Russian Fleet
"Second Offenfive Battle" of Verdun ends (see August 20th)
New Provisienal Government proclaimed in Russia (see 12th, 22nd, and Noveember 8th)
Italian Government announce blockade of Austro-Hungarian coast
The first British Territorial division (the North Midland) leaves England for France
Baker appointed United States Secretary for War
General von Hindenburg appointed Commander-in-Chief of German Armies in Eastern Theatre (see August 23rd and November 27th)
"National Council of Fiume" proclaim the independence of the city and announce desire for union with Italy (see November 5th)
Mustaufi ul Mamalek aga:n appointed Persian Prime Minister (see 17th
"Goeben" strikes mine and is beached (see 27th)
Serbian Government set up at Corfu (see January 15th and May 7th).
Lord Kitchener visits France to confer with the British Commander- in-Chief
Berat (Albania) retaken by Italian forces (see August 26th)
Lansing succeeds Mr
")acia" valid (see February 27th)
Hostilities between Rumania and the Central Powers cease (see 6th)
Battle of the San ends (see 16th)
Czernowitz (Bukovina) retaken by Austrian forces (see October 28th, 1914, and June 17th, 1916)
Inter-Allied Labour and Socialist Conference in London pass resolution as to War Aims
26t
French date for dates of this battle adopted by the respective belligerezat
Battle of Vittoerlo Yeneto begins (see November 4th)
German Government reply to President Wilson's Note accepting proposals contained therein (see 14th and 23rd)
British Government decide to recognise Government of M
British Government in message to the King of the Hcjaz declare intentions with regard to future status of Palestine (see December 17th, 1917, and February 4th, 1918)
Hyams succeeds Baron de Broqueville as Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs (see August 4th, 1917)
Shipping Control Committee formed in Great Britain (see November 3rd and 10th, 1915, and December 22nd, 1916)
Mezibres occupied by German forces (see November 10th, 1918)
Agreement signed by French and Belgian Governments suspending Franco-Belgian Convention of July 30th, 1891, regarding military service laws
Pokrovski, Russian Foreign Minister, resigns (see December 12th, 1916, and March 15th, 1917)
Battle of Frezenberg Ridge (Ypres) ends (see 8th), Windhuk (German South-West Africa) occupied by South African Northern Force
Bulgarian Govermnent negotiate loan of £3,000,000 in Germany (see August 6th)
Arab forces (Idrisi) occupy Farasan Islands in the Red Sea (see April 28th)
Lieut.-General Sir H.C. Sclater, Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain, resigns (appointed April 9th, 1914) (see 22nd).
British Government recognlse the Polish National Army as autonomous, allied and oo-belligerent
Austrian forces begin, second invasion of Berbia (see August 25th and 1)ecenber 15th)
First Battle of Lemberg (Galicia) begins (see 30th)
Sir Henry Jackson appointed First Sea Lord, Great Britain (see 15th, and December 3rd, 1916)
Bombardment of Smyrna by British squadron under Admiral Peirse begins (see 9th)
Jonnart as French Minister for blockade (see 16th)
Asquith as Secretary of State for War, Great Britain
Entente Governments send joint reply to President Wilson's Note
War Office take over anti-aircraft defence of London from the Admiralty, and become responsible for anti-aircraft defence generally throughout the kingdom
Benedict XV elected Pope (see August 20th and November 5th)
Vranje retaken by Serbian forces (see October 15th, 1915)
Battle of the Ourcq begins
Asquith as British Premier (see 4th)
Armistice negotiations on Russian front resumed (see 6th and 15th)
Armistice concluded between Montenegro and Austria (see 20th)
United States contingent lands at Murmansk to join Allied Expeditionary Force (see 2nd)
Mulhouse again retaken by German forces (see 19th, and November 17th, 1918' * 4 Divisions and 1 Cavalry Division
Anglo-French Conference assembles in London to discuss relations of British and French commanders in the Western Theatre, and employment of prisoners of war in the fighting zone (see February 26th, 1917, and March 26th, 1918)
Italian fleet commences operations in the Adriatic (see 26th)
The Winter Battle In Masria ends (see 4th)
Stephen Pichon appointed French Foreign Minister (see 14th)
Entente Governments reject German peace proposals (see 12th, and January 11th, 1917)
German attack on Jasin (East Africa) begins (see 19th)
Elbasan (Albania) taken by Bulgarian forces (see October 7th, 1918)
First attack on Garua (Cameroons) (see April 18th, 1915)
Admiral Sir David Beatty appointed to succeed Admiral Sir John Jellicoe as Commander-in-Chief, Grand Fleet (see December 4th)
All hostilities on the Eastern front suspended (see 2nd)
Yaunde (Cameroons) taken by General Dobell's forces (see September 22nd, 1915)
Consuls of Central Powers at Salonika arrested and deported b? order of General Sarrail, Commanding French troops
German forces from German South-West Africa cross frontier of British South Africa (see September 19th)
Battle of the Scarpe, 1918, ends (see 26th).
Battle of the San (Galicia) begins (see 23rd)
Mutiny of the 5th Light Infantry (Indian Army) at Singapore
Trotski assume power
British troops from Vladivostok reach Omsk (see 14th)
General von Moltke* appointed Chief of the General Staff of the German Field Armies (see September 14th)
Veniselos on charge of high treason (see August 30th and September 29th, 1916, and June 26th, 1917)
German attack on Edea (Cameroons) repulsed by French garrison
Bulgarian Government ask Entente Powers for an armistice (see 30th)
Act passed in British Parliament empowering Customs to compel all exports to Holland to be consigned to the Netherlands Oversea Trust (see November 23rd, 1914, and December 7th, 1915)
Herr von Jagow, German Foreign Minister, resigns (appointed January 1913) (see 21st)
Permanent Allied Supreme War Council inaugurated (see Novem- ber 7th, 1917, and February 3rd, 1918)
Belgian Government transferred from Brussels to Antwerp (see October 7th)
The leading division of the British New Armies leaves England for France (see August 21st, 1914, and February 24th, 1915)
British Admiralty issue orders forbidding neutral fishing vessels to use British ports
Signor Orlando appointed Italian Premier (see 25th)
for mobilisation of Russian army , (see 29th and 31st)
) Mr
First German air raid on England
King of Serbia leaves Salonika (see 1st and 17th)
Battle of Le Catean
Battle of the Dobropolje* (Macedonia) begins (see 16th)
Lieut.-General von Stein succeeds Lieut.-General Wild von Hohenborn as German Minister for War (see January 21st, 1915, and October 9th, 1918).
Great Britain and France declare war on Austria-Hungary (see 10th)
Hamadan (Western Persia) occupied by Russian forces (see August 10th).
(Diclaration presented at St
Battle of Amiens ends (see 8th)
Lieut.-General Sir A.J. Murray resigns as Chief of the General Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 25th, and August 4th, 1914)
of 11 German airships attack England
Naval action in Gulf of Riga
Lemberg captured by Russian forces (see August 80th, 1914, and June 22nd, 1915)
Serbian Government transferred from Belgrade to Nish (see November 3rd, 1915)
Battle of the Arges (Roumania) ends (see 1st)
Tabora (capital of German East Africa) occupied by Belgian forces
d'Azevedo Coutinho appointed Portuguese Premier (see 11th, and January 25th, 1915)
General Sir A
) Battle of the Meuse begins (see 28th)
Second Battles of Arras, 1918, end (see August 26th)
Anglo-French Conference held at Calais to discuss Greek participation in the war
Battle of Gorizla (6th Battle of the Isonzo) begins (see 17th)
t The Sheikh ul Islam issues Fatwa declaring Jehad (Holy War) against all the Allies (see 2nd, 5th, and 14th)
lth
United States Government request recall of German attaches Captains Boy-Ed and Von Papen (see 10th)
Affair of Magdhaba (Sinai)
German warships "Goeben" and "Breslau" bombard Philippeville and Bona respectively (see 7th and 11th)
British forces cross frontier of Togoland and occupy Lome (see 13th and 26th)
dates
British War Council resolve that the Admiralty should prepare for a naval expedition in February against the Dardanelles (see 28th, and December 30th, 1914)
French battleship "Suffren" sunk by submarine in the Bay of Biscay
Battles of I)elville Wood and Pozibres (Somme) end (see July 15th and 23rd)
Rumanian Government decline to guarantee Greece against Ger- man attack (see 5th)
"Mimi" and "Toutou" (see 23rd, and February 9th, 1916)
First British Order in Council revising "Declaration of London" issued (see October 29th)
Affair near Kaakhka (Trans-Caspia)
General Cadorna relieved of the command of the Italian Armies (see May 23rd, 1915, and November 27th, 1917)
Greek Government accept Entente demands of the 23rd
German troops cross frontier of Luxembourg (see November 20th, 1918)
Worthington-Evans succeeds Lord Robert Cecil as British Minister for Blockade (see February 23rd, 1916)
"Formidable" sunk by German submarine in the English Channel
Painlev6 succeeds M
Inter-Allied Conference held in Paris to discuss: (a) the relations between Governments and Staffs
Field-Marshal von Hindenburg succeeds General von Falkenhayn as Chief of the General Staff of the German Field Armies (see September 14th and November 27th, 1914), with General von Ludendorff as Chief Quartermaster-General (see October 27th, 1918)
Lieut.-General Sir W. Robertson resigns as Chief of the General Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 23rd, and January 25th), and is succeeded by Lieut.-General L.E. Kiggell (see January 27th, 1918).
44" shot down at St
Italian S.S. Ancona sunk by Austrian submarine.
Ministry of Reconstruction formed in Great Britain
Semendria (Serbia) taken by Austrian forces (see 6th)
Mihiel (12th/13th)
Sherif of Mecca proclaimed "King of the Arabs" (see June 7th and November 4th)
Military convention signed at Bukharest between Entente Powers and Rumania
Affair of Saihan (Mesopotamia)
Doiran and Gevgeli (South Serbia) taken by Bulgarian forces (see September 22nd, 1918)
British aerial coast patrol established
Battle of Montdidler begins (see 15th)
British Government issue Declaration to Russian peoples, stating that they have no intention of interfering in Russian politics (see July 26th)
Banyo (Cameroons) attacked by General Cunliffe's Allied force (see 6th)
Russian battleship "Slava" sunk (see September 3rd)
Osel Island (Baltic) captured by German forces* (see 11th and 18th)
international conference in order to avert war (see 27th and 28th)
General Guillaumat appointed Governor of Paris (see 6th)
Count Esterhazy, Hungarian Premier, resigns (see 21st, an I June 15th)
Norwegian Government issue orders prohibiting belligerent sub- marines from using Norwegian territorial waters (see February 1st, 1917)
Italian Dreadnought "Leonardo da Vinci" sunk by internal explosion in harbour at Taranto
Second Siege begins (see March 22nd, 1915)
"Sydney" at the Cocos Islands (see October 28th)
French retreat from Serbia to Salonika begins: Krivolak evacuated
Field-Marshal von Eichhorn, commanding German Army in The Ukraine, assassinated in Kiev (see April 29th)
Bismarckburg (German East Africa) taken by British forces (see May 25th)
German cruiser "Emden" raids Penaig Roads and sinks Russian cruiser "Zhemchug" (see September 10th and November 9th)
Battle of the Mernin Road Ridge (Ypres) ends (see 20th)
Viviani, French Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns (date of appointment as Premier June 14th, 1914) (see 13th and 30th)
'l rd
Portuguese Expeditionary Force leaves Lisbon for Angola (see October 26th, 1914, and August 8th, 1916)
Stanislau (see August 10th, 1916) and Tarnopol in Galicia retaken by Austro-German forces (see 18th)
Battle of Sibiu ends: city retaken by Austrian forces (see 1st and 26th)
Seaham harbour (on coast of Durham) shelled by German submarine
Moratorium in Great Britain ends (see August 2nd)
British hospital ship "Dover Castle" sunk by submarine in the Mediterranean
Mitrovitza and Pristina (Serbia) taken by Austro-German forces (see October 10th, 1918)
(Mr
Field-Marhal Conrad von Hotzendorff, Commander-in-Chief, Austro- Hungarian Armies, relieved of his command
First British aerial co-operation with fleet in action
Russia and Italy declare war on Bulgaria (see 4th and 5th)
British Government publish account of Irish-German plots (see 17th)
Italy declares war on Germany (see May 24th, 1915)
Portuguese Government announce prospective co-operation of Potr tugal with Great Britain (see August 8th, 1916)
Li-Yuan-Hung, President of China, resigns and is succeeded by Feng-Kuo-Chang (see June 6th, 1916, July 7th, 1917, and October 11th, 1918)
Recommendations of-Allied Economic Conference ratified (see 14th)
Martial law proclaimed in Egypt (see September 10th and December 18th)
Siouloudhis appointed Greek Premier (see 5th, and June 21st, 1916)
Treaty signed between the Czecho-Slovaks and Italy, by which Italy recognises Czecho-Slovak Council and their jurisdiction over nationals
Second Offensive Battle of Verdun begins (see December 15th, 1917, and December 18th, 1916).
New Greek Government (see 6th) announce policy of armed neutrality
Mush and Bitlis (Armenia) reoccupied by Turkish forces (see 24th, February 18th and March 2nd)
Marghiloman appointed Rumanian Premier (see 12th, and November 8th)
Field-Marshal Earl Roberts dies in France
Byelostok (Poland) taken by German forces
British force arrives at Baku (Caspian Sea) (see 26th, and July 19th)
Kirman (Persia) occupied by British forces
Lord Fisher appointed First Sea Lord, Great Britain (see 29th, and May 151
Odessa occupied by Petlyura's Ukrainian revolutionary forces (see 20th, March 13th, and November 15th)
Third Battle of the Isonzo ends (see October 18th)
Kurdamir (East Caucasus) occupied by Turkish forces
Passchendaele reoccupied by German forces (see November 6th, 1917, and September 29th, 1918)
Professor Masaryk elected First President of the Czecho-Slovak H
Battle of Yllna ends (see September 9th)
'Turko-German delegates arrive at Batum to negotiate peace with the Georgians and Armenians (see April 22nd, May 26th, and June 8th)
Treaty of Peace signed between Rumania and Bolshevik Russia (see 5th)
Santo Domingo severs diplomatic relations with Germany
Attack on Medina by revolting Aralus repulsed by Turkish garrison (see 5th)
Delacroix was the first Minister to hold the title of Prime Minister
"Argyll" wrecked on east coast of Scotland
Cooreman succeeds Baron de JBroqueville as Belgian Prime Minister (Baron de Broqueville was appointed in 1911) (see , November 21st)
Third Military Service Act passed in British Parliament. Military age limit raised to 59, and Conscription extended to Ireland (see 18th, and June 8th, 1916).
Italian Government issue decrees prohibiting trading with Germany (see March 1st, 1915)
First Russian invasion of North Hungary ends (see September 24th and November 15th)
The Reichstag passes Resolution as to Gcrman War Aims (see January 24th, 1918)
Third Battle of Artois begins (see June 18th and October 15th)
Actions of Villers-Bretonneux (Somme) (24th/25th)
) Allied squadrons bombard forts at entrance of the Dardanelles (see December 13th)
Serbian Government transferred from Corfu to Salonika (see February 9th, 1916, and December 9th, 1918)
The British Admiralty, following on a Cabinet decision, appoint a Committee, in conjunction with the Ministry of Shipping, to draw up a plan to convoy merchant ships (see June 14th and July 2nd).
Neu Langenburg (German East Africa) occupied by British forces (see 25th)
British Government offer Cyprus to Greece if she will support Serbia (see 20th, and January 24th)
The Emperor of Austria makes secret proposal, convoyed in a letter to Prince Sixte of Bourbon, to the French President (M
Costa Rica declares war on Germany (see September 21st, 1917)
Ara (Mesopotamia) occupied by British forces
Russian hospital ship "Portugal" sunk by submarine in the Black Sea
Lieut.-General Sir A. Barrett appointed Commander-designate of Indian Expeditionary Force "D" for Mesopotamia (see November 13th).
)! (see May 17th and June 14th)
Bushire (South Persia) again attacked by tribesmen (see August 8th)
Zaimis forms new Ministry (see September 11th)
Naval action off Coronel
Liberia severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see August 4th)
Harcourt) states that Dominions will be consulted as to peace terms (see July 14th)
Qasr-i-Shirin (Western Persia) occupied by Russian forces (see December 15th, 1915, June 20th, 1916, and March 25th, 1917)
First units of Canadian and Newfoundland Expeditionary Forces land in England (see 3rd, and February 9th, 1915)
Moraczewski appointed Polish Prime Minister (see 16th)
) Dr
German submarine bombards St
Passage of the Jordan by British forces (21st/23rd)
Osovets (North Poland) stormed by German forces
Russian Bolshevik Government sever diplomatic relations with Rumania
t The first phase of this offensive is known to the Germans as the "Battle of Wosuzka
British and French Ambassadors demand passports (see 31st, and November 5th)
Coblenz occupied by United States troops (see lst)
Durazzo occupied by Serbian forces (see 17th, and October 4th, 1914)
"Falaba ") sunk by a German submarine (see 13th, and October 20th, 1914)
Battle of Bailleul ends (see 13th)
Lowestoft (Suffolk) and Yarmouth (Norfolk) raided by German battle cruiser squadron (see November 26th)
German gunboat "Komet" captured by H
German-Austrian Republic proclaimed.
Greek Government formally refuse French and British "offer" of the 24th (see 27th, and October 2nd)
Agreement concluded regarding export of sand and gravel from The Netherlands for German use (see July 15th)
Final Allied Note presented to Netherlands Government re surrender of Dutch ships in Allied ports (see 18th, and January 4th)
Peace signed between Bolshevik Russia and Central Powers, Bulgaria and Turkey at Brest-Litovsk, together with supplementary treaties by the signatories (see 14th and 18th, February 28th and August 27th)
Jtinina (Greece) occupied by Italian forces
Armistice between Turkey and Entente Powers signed at Mudros (see 31st)
National Register taken in Great Britain (see July 15th)
Battle of Gorlice-Tarnow ends (see 1st)
Mustaufi ul Mamnialek succeeds Ain ed Douleh as Persian Prime Minister (see November 24th, 1917, and May 3rd, 1918)
The General Congress of The Bukovina decide in favour
Russian Prorisional Government (see March 14th) issue Proclama- tion to Allied Governments declaring in favour of self-deter- mination of peoples and a durable peace
Third Battle of Lemberg ends: city retaken by the Austrian forces (see 17th, and September 3rd, 1914, and November 23rd, 1918)
First German airship raid on Paris takes place (see August 30th, 1914, and January 29th, 1916)
National Council of the Moldavian Republic (Bessarabia) pass Act of Union with Rumania, with stipulation for local autonomy (see 16th, December 23rd, 1917, and December 10th, 1918).
Kionga (German East Africa) occupied by Portuguese forces
Maramaros-Sziget retaken by Austrian forces (see 3rd)
Kas
Bulgarian Government order general mobilisation for 28th
The Trans-Caucasian Council decide to declare independence (night 22nd/23rd) (see September 20th, 1917, and May 6th and 26th, 1918).
British Foreign Minister (Mr
Lord Robert Cecil appointed Minister of Blockade (see July 18th, 1918)
Austrian forces in Galicia retreat (see October 3rd)
Tereshchenko succeeds M
Bulgarian Government negotiate fresh loan for 400,000,000 francs with Austro-German banks (see February 3rd)
Bosporus forts shelled by Russian Black Sea Fleet (see March 27th)
Detach-ment of Cossacks from Russian force in West Pers a effects junction with British army on the Tigris
Namur occupied by British forces (see August 25th,
Qasr-i-Shirin (Western Persia) again taken by Russian forces (see June 20th, 1916, and July 8th, 1917)
Decision taken to appoint General Foch to co-ordinate efforts of British and French Armies (see April 14th)
Duala (Cameroons) captured by Allied forces (26th/27th) (see 7th)
Actions on the Niemen begin (see 29th)
Greek Government make formal apology to the Allies for the occur- rences of ])ecembcer 1st, 1916
Battle of Tarnopol begins (see 16th)
German Government send ultimatum to Rumania demanding peace negotiations within four days (see 25th)
German Government inform United States Government that defensively armed merchantmen will henceforth be regarded as cruisers (see 10th, 29th, and February 26th, 1917).
Maubeuge capitulates to German forces (see August 25th, 1914
Zaimis (see October 10th, 1916, and June 24th, 1917)
Second Battle of Krasnik ends (see 1st)
French Government notify Russian Government of their acceptance of Russian claims to Constantinople (see March 12th)
Bailleul occupied by British forces (see 4th, and April 15th, 1918)
New National Government in Estonia order general mobilisation (see 11th)
Admiral von Tirpitz, German Minister of Marine, resigns (appointed in 1897) (see 15th)
Jaroslaw (Galicia) taken by Russian forces (see May 14th, 1915)
"State of War" begins between The Ukraine and Poland (see 23rd)
The "Goeben" refloated inside the Dardanelles (see 20th)
ication
Turkey severs diplomatic relations with the United States of America
Naval action in the Baltic between Russian and German squadrons off Gottland
(First neutral ship sunk after visit and search) (see 13th)
Final attempt to succour Kut: loss of H
German destroyers raid British convoy in the North Sea and sink H
Battle of La Basa6e begins (see November 2nd)
King of Rumania announces that the Rumanian nation have taken up arms again on the side of the Allies (see December 6th, 1917)
Kirmanshah (Western Persia) again taken by Russian forces (see July 1st, 1916, and February 25th, 1918)
First ship torpedoed by German submarine without warning* (see October 20th, 1914, and March 13th, 1915)
Treaty of Peace and Amity signed between the Finnish Social Republic of Workmen and the Russian Federal Soviet Republic
Agreement as to provisional administration of the Cameroons concluded between French and British Governments (see February 18th)
Battle of the Masurian Lakes ends (see 5th)
General von Ludendorff resigns (see August 29th, 1916)
"Gulflight" torpedoed without warning: damaged, but reaches port
Estonian Government Issue declaration of independence (see November 28th, 1917, and February 25th and November 11th, 1918)
Armistice between Bulgaria and Entente Powers signed (see 27th)
Cuba and Panama declare war on Germany
South African forces begin advance on Otavifontein (see July 1st)
Garua (Cameroons) capitulates to the Anglo-French force under General Cunliffe (see May 31st)
British Government conclude agreement with American cotton interests that cotton should be contraband
General Sir Ian Hamilton takes over command of Dardanelles Expeditionary Force (see 12th, and October 15th)
United States Battleship Division, under Rear-Admiral Rodman, joins Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow
Maubeuge retaken by British forces (see September 7th, 1914)
Australian War Government formed
Battle of Festubert begins (see 25th)
United States Government send Note to British Government S
Robertson, Chief of the British Imperial General Staff, resigns (see 19th, and December 23rd, 1915)
Battle of the Marne endst (see 6th)
Horns (Syria) occupied by British cavalry
Van occupied by Turkish forces (see 3rd)
British blockade of the Cameroons commences (see February 29th, 1916)
British defence of Jerusalem begins (see 30th)
Podgoritza (Montenegro) occupied by Austrian forces
Delcasse succeeds M
Battles of Megiddo end (see 19th)
Blockade ot coast of Asia Minor announced by British Government
$ First experimented with in January 1915
Air Force (Constitution) Act, 1917, comes into operation in Great Britain (see December 21st, 1917, and January 3rd, 1918)
Peronne taken by German forces (see March 18th, 1917)
Second Battle of Guise (4thi'5th)
Harwich flotilla action with German 6th torpedo boat flotilla in the North Sea: H
"Tuscania," carrying United States troops, sunk by submarine off Irish coast
Major General Tighe succeeded by Lieut.-General Smuts in command of British forces in East Africa (see April 16th, 1915, January 31st, 1916, and January 20th, 1917).
" Decision not to make separate peace (see April 26th
Pristina (Serbia) retaken by French forces (see November 23rd, 1915)
Lord Derby appointed Secretary of State for War, Great Britain, in succession to Mr
Durazzo evacuated by the Serbian forces at request of Italian Government (see 4th, and August 31st)
Battle of Jaffa (Palestine) ends (see 21st).
Affair of Tepe
Action between German raider "Leopard "and H
Antivari bombarded by Austrian squadron (see January 22nd, 1916)
Action of Latema Nek (East Africa) ends (see 11th)
Battle of Yalenciennes begins (see 2nd)
Braila (Rumania) taken by German forces
"Arothusa" sunk by mine in North Sea
Military Service Act comes into operation In Great Britain (see January 24th and May 16th)
Battle of Zamoso-Komarow ends (see August 26th)
Battle of the Beaurevoir Line begins (see 5th)
British and French Governments conclude agreement (the "Clementel Agreement ") : (1) to unite British ships in French service to those already employed
da Costa as Portuguese Prime Minister (see April 25th, 1917, and May 15th, 1918)
General Sir Charles Monro vacates command of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and General Sir William Birdwood vacates command of the Dardanelles army (see November 25th, 1915)
Battle of the Ardennes ends (see 22nd)
British hospital ship "Glenart Castle" damaged by mine between Havre and Southampton (see February 26th, 1918)
fGermany severs diplomatic relations with Italy (see August 28th, 1916)
Allied naval attack on the Dardanelles forts commences (see March 18th)
Blockade of the Cameroone raised (see 18th, and April 23rd, 1915)
British Government issue orders raising third New Army of six
Belgium severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see 2nd and 3rd)
Count Czernin succeeds Baron Burian as Austro-Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs (see January 13th, 1915, and April 15th, 1918)
Rumanian Government negotiate loan of £5,000,000) in Great Britain
"Appam "brought to Norfolk, Va
Arras evacuated by the French forces (see September 30th)
Takashi Hara succeeds Count Terauchi as Japanese Prime Minister (see October 9th, 1916).
Russian and Chinese Governments conclude agreement respecting Mongolia (see May 25)
British Squadron blockading Smyrna withdrawn (see 5th and 9th)
Affairs in the Siwa Oasis end (see 3rd and 8th)
Defence of Baku (Caspian Sea) against Turkish- attack begins (see 4th, July 19th and September 15th)
) Signor Salandra, Italian Premier, tenders his resignation (see 16th, and October 30th, 1914)
rlTikrit (Mesopotamia) occupied by British forces (see 5th)
British troops from Vladivostok reach Irkutsk (Siberia) (see 18th, and July 18th and August 3rd)
German Government order General Mobilisation and declare war on Russia (see July 31st)
Pokrovski appointed Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs (see November 24th, 1916, and January 27th, 1917)
Indian Expeditionary Force "C "(East Africa) absorbed into Indian Expeditionary Force" B "(see September 1st and I October 31st)
Lieut.-General Sir T.E. Clarke, appointed Quartermaster-General, B.E.F., France (see 22nd).
Armis tice ceases (see 12th)
"Highflyer "and German armed merchant cruiser" Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse "off the Rio de Oro: latter sunk (see August 4)
Prilep (South Serbia) taken by French forces (see November 16th, 1915)
Blagovyeschensk (Siberia) occupied by Japanese forces (see 5th0 Battle of Monastir-Doiran (see 24th), including Battle of Doir ai, 1918), begins (see 19th)
Affair of Sphinxhaven (Lake Nyassa)
Foch, General Cadorna, and General Bliss (see 7th)
German airship "L.-59" returns to Yambol from flight to East Africa (see 23rd).
Evacuation of Buvla and Anzac completed (see 8th, 19th and 28th)
Formed to exercise the functions of the Committee of Imperial Defence, but with additional executive powers
Slovene National Council meet at Ljubljar' 10th, 1914)
Brazil declares war on Germany (see April 11th)
Cambrai Cit, y captured by British forces (see August 26th, 1914)
Hostilities commence between Austria-Hungary and Serbia: Belgrade bombarded by Austrian artillery (see 25th, and December 2nd).
Battle of the Comrna and Monastir ends (see October 5th)
Keupri-Keui retaken (see 29th, November 22nd, 1914, and January 17th, 1916)
British Government give the King of the Hejaz (see December 15th, 1916, and February 4th, 1918) written assurance of the future independence of the Arab people
Last Austrian forces recross the Drina (see 13th)
British squadron joins Italian fleet in the Adriatic (see 20th)
Light cruiser action off Heligoland
General Castelnau appointed Chief of Staff to General Joffre (see 3rd)
German armed merchant cruiser "Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse" leaves Bremen (see 26th)
H.M.S. Birmingham sinks German submarine "U.-15" in the North Sea. (First submarine destroyed.)
First units of Portuguese Expeditionary Force land in France (see August 8th, 1916, and June 17th, 1917)
Defence of Upington (South Africa) (23rd/24th)
Soissons taken by German forces (see 13th)
Allies establish net and mine barrage across Straits of Otranto
Last meeting of War Committee of British Cabinet (see 9th, and November 3rd, 1915)
Seventh Battle of the Isonzo begins (see 18th)
Batum (Georgia) bombarded by the "Goeben" and "Breslau."
Action of Sheikh Sa'ad (Mesopotamia) begins (see 4th and 8th)
German airship "Z.-8" shot down in the Vosges.
Second Battle of Bapaume begins (see March 24th and September 3rd)
Marshal-Count Masakata Terauchi succeeds Marquis Okuma* as Japanese Prime Minister and Viscount Ishii as Acting Foreign Minister (see September 21st, 1915, November 20th, 1916, and September 29th, 1918)
Action of El Mughar (Palestine)
Serbian retreat through Albania begins (see January 15th, 1916)
The Grand Duke Nicholas appointed Commander-in-Chief Russian armies (see 14th)
First units of British Expeditionary Force land in France (see 16th)
El Arish (Sinai) occupied by British forces (see November 15th)
Count Bernstorff's correspondence re German intrigues published
Millerand appointed French Minister for War (see 26th, and October 29th, 1915)
Archduke Karl succeeds to the throne
Russian and British Governments conclude "Sykes-Picot" agree- ment as to eventual partition of Asia Minor (see April 26th, and May 9th and 28rd)
British Government agree to Japanese request that Australia should not occupy German islands north of the Equator (see 16th)
Mustaufi ul Mamalek (Persian Prime Minister) resigns (see 25th, and August 18th)
Mulhouse again taken by French forces (see 11th and 25th)
Coup d'dtat by General Horvat at Vladivostok (see July 10th)
Venizelos withdraws from Athens (see 29th, and August 80th)
Arrival of French troops in Italy announced (see 4th)
Battle of Cteslphon (Mesopotamia) begins (see 25th)
German Government send ultimatum to Russia (presented at midnight, 31st-1st) (see August 1st)
New War Cabinet of five Ministers formed
Irkutek (Siberia) occupied by Czecho-Slovak forces (see October 14th)
Italian force lands at Valona
Sir Eric Geddes appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain (see July 19th)
Affair of Gyuba (Darfur)
Morogoro (German East Africa) taken by British forces
War Office assume control of the British operations in East Africa
German airship "L.-59" reaches East Africa, but turns back without alighting (see 21st and 25th).
German light cruiser "Bremen" sunk by British submarine in the Baltic
Battles of Morhange and Sarrebourg begin (see 20th)
f British Government recognise the Ozecho-Slovaks as an Allied nation (see June 3rd and September 3rd)
Lieut.-General Sir W. Robertson appointed Chief of the General Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 24th, and December 22nd).
Second Battle of Champagne ends (see September 25th)
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (see 25th and 26th)
United States Government announce their view that all branches of the Slav races should be completely freed from German and Austrian rule (see 3rd)
Scarborough and Hartlepool (East coast of England) bombarded by German battle cruiser squadron
Battle of Lodz ends (see November 16th)
Khabarovsk (Eastern Sibci'ia) taken by Japanese forces (see 18th, and August 11th)
First German destroyer raid
Stanislau again taken by Russian forces (see June 8th, 1915, and July 24th, 1917)
Jonnart succeeds M
British aerial cross-Channel patrol for the protection of transports instituted
Actions of Kosturino (7th/Sth)
Japanese Government decide to land troops at Vladivostok (see 11th, and April 5th)
Major-General Pershing, Commanding United States Army in France, promoted General (see June 13th)
First sitting of Anglo-German Conference at The Hague on prisoners of war
Orsova (Hungary) occupied by Rumanian forces (see August 28th and November 22nd)
Admiral von Spee killed (see November 1st)
Liberia declares war on Germany (see May 5th, 1917, and April 10th, 1918)
Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium (see 28th)
Captain Fryatt, of British S
Stuirmer (see February 1st and November 24th)
ChAteau-Thierry retaken by Allied forces (see 18th, 20th, and May 31st)
Russia proclaimed a Republic by the Provisional Government (see 10th)
British Government in letter to Sherif of Mecca define territorial limits of proposed Arab State (see July 14th, 1915, and June 5th, 1916)
Craiova (Rumania) taken by German forces
$ This is the French date for the close of "The Defensive Battle of Verdun
First units of Australian and New Zealand Expeditionary Forces arrive at Suez (see October 16th and 17th, 1914, and February 20th and April 25th, 1915)
Lieut.-General Sir A.J. Murray, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, resigns (see 23rd, and September 26th, 1915, and March 19th, 1916)
Proclamation issued changing name of British Royal House to Windsor
Vossuq ed Douleh, Persian Foreign Minister, resigns
Turkish garrison of Taif (Hejaz) surrenders to Arab forces (see June 5th)
Lloyd George succeeds Lord Kitchener as Secretary of State for War, Great Britain (see June 5th and December 11th)
Grand Fleet ordered back to Scapa Flow (see October 18th, 1914, and November 21st, 1918)
Babuna Pass and Prilep (South Serbia) taken by Bulgarian forces (see September 23rd, 1918).
Lord Kitchener arrives at the Dardanelles (see 4th)
Admiral von Hintze succeds Herr von Kuhlmann as German Foreign Minister (see August 5th, 1917, and October 4th, 1918)
Severe acroplane raid on Kent by moonlight (casualties about 230, mostly military)
Rumanian Governnent refuse to aid Serbia (see January 25th)
First British retaliatory air raid on German towns
Ninth Battle of the Isonzo begins (see November 4th)
German commercial submarine "Deutschland" returns to Germany (see July 10th)
Affair of Sahil (Mesopotamia)
Russian Summer Offensive begins* (see July 18th)
(Accepted
German light cruiser" K6nigsberg "located in RItufiji River (see July 11, 1915)
Zaimis, Greek Prime Minister, resigns (see 6th, and October 6th).
Viscount Motono, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, resigns (see 22nd, and November 21st, 1910)
Allied demonstrations on Flanders front begin
Venizeloe again resIgns (see 6th, and August 22nd, 1915, and June 26th, 1917)
Ustemovich proclaimed President of The Ukraine
t This was thefurthest point west reached by Russian forces
Allied Expeditionary Force attack and capture the defences of Archangel (see 2nd)
German attack on Kondoa Irangi repulsed (see 9th)
"Drake" sunk by submarine in the North Channel
Stanislau (Galicia) taken by Russian forces (see February 19th, 1915)
Demobilisation of the British Army begins
Viviani as French Premier and Foreign Minister (see 29th, and March 17th, 1917)
German Expeditionary Force to the Caucasus lands at Poti (Georgia)
Omnsk (Siberia) occupied by Czecho-Slovak forces (see Not ember 18th)
Finnish (Go ernment announce that all German troops landed in Finland had been despatched at their request
The Pope sends Note to belligerent Governments appealing for peace (see July 30th, 1915)
Battle of East Galicia ends (see 18th)
Italian battleship "Benedetto Brin" destroyed by internal exl)losion in harbour at Brindisi
Viborg (Finland) captured by German forces and Finnish White Guards (see 13th)
Battle of Pozibres Ridge (Somme) begins (see September 3rd)
Treaty with Ibn Sa'ud, Emir of Nejd, ratified by British Govern- ment (see December 26th, 1915)
German daylight aeroplane raid on Sheerness and the Naval establishments on the Medway
British operations in Trans-Caspia begin (see August 26th)
Allied Commander proclaims martial law in city of Salonika (see October 3rd, 1915)
United States Government issu3 Circular Note to belligerent Governments stating that they will insist on existing rules of International Law (see July 28th, 1916)
Battle of Ivangorod ends (see 9th)
Allied fleet arrives at Sevastopol and takes over remainder of the Russian Black Sea Fleet from the Germans (see 13th, and May 1st)
Shabatz taken by Austrian forces
Soissons again taken by German forces (see 27th, and August 2nd)
Van (Armenia) retaken by Turkish forces (see May 19th, 1915)
British attack on Ramadi (Mesopotamia) (11th/14th)
Greek Premier (M
Battle of Baranoviohi begins (see 9th)
Russia declares war on Turkey (see October 29th)
General Foch succeeds General PINtain as Chief of the French General Staff of French Ministry of War (see October 8th, 1914, and November 27th, 1917)
Entente loan (£1,600,000) to Greece concluded (see July 20th, 1916
Khanaqin (North-East of Baghdad) taken by Russian forces (see June 5th)
First contingent of German submarines surrender to the British Navy at Harwich (see 15th)
Most severe airship raid on East Coast of England and London
Sinn Fein leaders arrested in Ireland and interned (see 25th)
German airship raid onNaples from the Dalmatian coast
"Sussex" (British) torpedoed by submarine in the English Channel (see April 18th)
"State of War" also begins between Greece and Austria-Hungary and between Greece and Turkey (see 26th)
Grodno captured by German forces (2nd/3rd)
Czernowitz (Bukovina) reoccupied by Russian forces (see February 17th, 1915, and August 3rd, 1917)
Last German troops leave Finland (see April 3rd)
First United States destroyer flotilla arrives at Queenstown (see June 18th)
Third Military Service Act comes into operation in Great Britain (see 10th)
Collapse of Irish Rebellion-leaders surrender (see 3rd, and April 24th)
First appearance of a German subrimarine on the Southampton- Havre troop-transport route reported
Entente Powers send ultimatum to Bulgaria (see 5th and 13th)
German Government proclaim protectorate over an independent Kurland
Portuguese troops in action on Western Front for the first time (see August 8th, 1918, and January 3rd, 1917)
Second Battle of Krithia ends (see 6th, and June 4th)
Jidda (Arabia) captured by Arab forces (see 5th)
Turkey commences hostilities against Russia (see July 31st
Last Bulgarian troops evacuate the Dobrudja (see September 2nd, 1916)
Second Battle of Gaza ends (see 17th, and October 27th)
General Liman von Sanders appointed to command Turco-German Forces, Dardanelles
Battle of Hazebrouck (Lys) begins (see 15th)
Disguised German transport "Aud" sinks herself after capture while trying to land arms on Irish cotist
Mzieres retaken by French forces (see August 27th, 1914)
Przemysl relieved by advancing Austlrian forces (see 4th)
$ Experimental convoys had been tried in May
t Approximate date
British Government inform M
Vossuq ed Douleh, Persian Primc Minister and Foreign Minister, resigns (see August 29th, 1916, June 6th, 1917, a'id August 7th, 1918)
Marquis Okuma appointed Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (ad interim) (see 9th, and September 21st)
Austro-German Spring Offensive in Galicia: Battle of Gorhice- Tarnow begins (see 5th)
Russian Bolshevik Government withdraw demand for transfer to Stockholm and resume negotiations at Brest-Litovsk (see 5th and 22nd)
Entente Governments protest to Greece against Bulgarian occupa- tion of Fort Rupel (see 26th)
First merchant vessel sunk by German submarine (British S
Japanese light cruiser "Takachiho" sunk by German destroyer off Tsingtau
British and United States troops reach German frontier (see December 1st)
Khanaqin (North-East of Baghdad) again occupied by Russian forces
Georgia declares indepen- Council assume charge of Armenian affairs (see June 8th)
Battle of the Avre (France)
First units of British Royal Naval Division (Marine Brigade) arrive at Antwerp (3rd/4th)
Bavaria proclaimed a Republic
Armistice terminates on Russian front
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo begins (see June 8th)
Constantinople harbour raided by British submarine
Armenian revolt at Van: Armenian defence of Van begins (see May 19th)
Kwash (East Persia) occupied by British forces
Indian Expeditionary Force "B "leaves India for East Africa (see 31st)
General Roques, French Minister for War, resigns (see 20th, and March 16th, 1916)
Briand as French Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs (see 17th, December 12th, 1916, and September 9th, 1917)
Constantine Arian appointed Rumanian Foreign Minister (see 12th, and November 8th)
Denys Cochin appointed French Under-Secretary of State for Blockade (see August 17th, 1917)
Fifth Battle of the Isonzo ends (see February 15th)
British force joins Japanese army before Tsinigtau (see 2iid, and November 7th)
Armistice between Austria-Hungary and the Entente signed (see 4th, 15th, and October 27th)
Grey) informs M
General Alexeiev with Don Cossacks moves towards Moscow against the Bolshevik forces (see 13th)
Mush (Armenia) taken by Russian forces (see August 15th)
Guatemala severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see April 23rd, 1918)
Battle of the Masurian Lakes begins (see 15th)
A Dominion Premier (Sir R
Dover Straits barrage completed
First Battle of Artois ends (see September 27th)
S "Cochrane" wrecked at entrance to Liverpool
Prince Lvov appointed Russian Premier (see 13th, 14th, and July 19th
First meeting of the Allied Maritime Transport Council (see February 15th)
Second attempt to relieve Kut: British relieving force repulsed at Dujaila Redoubt (see January 21st and April 1st)
Cattaro bombarded by French squadron
Scutari (Albania) retaken by Italian forces (see January 23rd, 1916)
British S.S. Arabic sunk by German submarine.
German battle cruiser "Moltke" torpedoed by British submarine "E.-1" in Gulf of Riga
Count Hertling and Count Czernin (German Imperial Chancellor and Austrian Foreign Minister) make public replies to statements of President Wilson and Mr. Lloyd George on War Aims (see 5th and 8th).
French 1917 Offensive begins with the Second Battle of the Alane (see 20th)
General Sukhomlinov, Russian Minister for War, removed from office (appointed in 1909)
Action of Bait Aissa (Mesopotamia) (17thi18th)
Merville, Estaires, Armentieres, and Hazebrodck taken by German forces (see 10th, 11th and 17th)
Gaerman Imperial Chancellor (Prince Max) announces that the Kaiser has decided to abdicate
President Wilson in address to Congress asks for power to arm merchant ships (see February 21st, 1918, and March 12th, 1917)
German airship "L.-3" stranded and destroyed off Fano, and 'L.-4" destroyed near Blaavands Huk (Denmark).
German raider "Wolff" returns to Germany (see 1)ecember 1st, 1916)
Durazzo captured by Austrian forces (see December 20th, 1915, and October 2nd, 1918)
Battle of the Grand Couronn6 (Nancy) ends (see 4th)
Battle of the Selle ends (see 17th)
Affair of Imad (Aden)
Viscount Kato, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, resigns (previously appointed April 16th, 1914) (see 10th)
Ain ed Douleh appointed Persian Prime Minister (see 26th, and August 17th)
Lloyd George) in speech to Trade Union 28th, 1917)
Ukraine delegation reaches Brest-Litovsk (see November 21st, 1917, and February 1st, 1918)
view to peace (see April 11th, 1918)
"Hanna" torpedoed without warning
Lieut.-General Kenichi Oshima appointed Japanese Minister for War (see 29th, and September 29th, 1918).
Arras reoccupied by French forces (see August 29th)
President Wilson sends final Note to the German Government with Allies' acceptance of armistice proposals (see 8rd and 8th)
Norwegian Govermnent forbid all foreign submarines to use Norwegian territorial waters (see October 13th, 1916)
Actions on the Suez Canal end (see 3rd)
General Alexeiev defeated by the Bolsheviki (see 4th)
Izzet Pasha succeeds Talaat Pasha as Turkish Grand Vizier (see February 4th, 1917)
General Sir John Maxwell takes over command of British forces in Egypt (see March 19th, 1916)
British Government guarantee to Greece eventual cession of Mity- lene by Turkey (see March 20th)
Urmia (North Persia) occupied by Turkish regular forces (see January 2nd and May 24th)
Independent Moldavian Republic (Bessarabia) proclaimed at Kishinev (see April 9th, 1918)
German destroyer raid on Itamsgate and Broadstairs (see April 26th)
Braga elected President of Portugal (see 29th, and October 5th)
He consults his military and naval advisers before leaving for a cruise in northern waters
Settlement Treaty signed at Berlin between Germany and Turkey (see April 10th, 1918)
Negotiations between Russian Bolshevik Government and Central Powers again resumed (see 23rd, and February 10th)
Berat (Albania) occupied by Austrian forces (see July 10th, 1918)
Battle of the Grand Couronnd (Nancy) begins (see 12th)
Lille evacuated by German forces (see August 27th and October 12th)
Beirut (Syria) occupied by French forces
Italian cruiser "Amalfi" sunk by Austrian submarine in the Adriatic
Aus (German South-West Africa) occupied by South African forces
General Sarrail recalled from Salonika (see 22nd, and January 16th, 1916)
Greek Government refuse consent to the occupation of Corfu (see 11th)
First use of aircraft for patrol purposes (over retreating British (contd
German retreat from the Somme to the "Hindenburg Line" begins (see February 25tlh and April 5th)
Treaty signed between China and Japan concerning Shantung Province (see 7th and 9th)
South African Northern Force begins advance from Swakopmund on Windhuk (see January 14th)
Mohtashim ed Douleh, Persian Foreign Minister, resigns (see 6th, and April 27th, 1915)
British Naval Mission leaves Turkey
Turkish army on the Tigris surrenders
Bulgarian Government reply accepting President Wilson's Note (see 18th, and January 10th, 1917)
Naval action outside the D)ardanelles
British Government request naval assistance from Japan (see November 14th, 1914, and April 17th, 1917)
Battle of Tnnenbtrg ends (see 23rd)
Rumanian Government removed from Bukharest to Jassy (see November 30th, 1918)
Austrian battleship "Wien" sunk
The pursuit to Baghdad begins (see 24th, and March 11th)
Armenian garrison relieved (see April 20th and August 3rd, 1915, and April 5th, 1918)
British Government decide to send a division (the 29th) to the Dardanelles (see 20th, and April 25th)
and October 4th, 1914)
British Government issue orders for the raising of the second New Army of six divisions (see August 21st and September 18th)
British advance on Mosul (Mesopotamia) begins (see November 4th)
Zeebrugge and Bruges reoccupied by Belgian forces (see October 12th and 14th, 1914)
British Government decide to institute National Service (see November 1st, 1917)
German 8
Arab forces begin Actions for Et Tafile (see 28th)
Davignon was absent, owing to ill-health
unit
Messines retaken by British forces (see April 10th)
First Conference of British and French Ministers to co-ordinata war policy and strategy held at Calais
General Sir Ian Hamilton appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediter- ranean (Dardanelles) Expeditionary Force (see 17th)
Southwold and Wangford on the Suffolk coast shelled by German
Naval Convention signed between Great Britain, France, and Italy
Entente communication to Greek, Serbian, and Montenegrin Governments deprecating their intervention in Albania (see June 26th)
Tabriz (North Persia) reoccupied by Russian forces (see 8th, and June 14th, 1918)
Battle of La Malmaison ends (see October 23rd)
Battle of Tarnavka (Galicia) begins (see 9th)
Action of Dushak (Trans-Caspia)
t I,
British Proclamation issued containing revised list of contraband (see September 21st, 1914, and March 11th, 1915)
Lieut.-General Sir R.C. Maxwell, Quartermaster-General, B.E.F., France, resigns (see 23rd, and January 27th, 1915).
King of Serbia arrives at Edypsos (see 15th, and November 6th, 1918)
Cambrai occupied by German forces (see November 20th, 1917, and October 9th, 1918)
German Government make definite peace offer to Belgium (see January 10th and 12th, 1917)
"Battle of the Frontiers "t begins in France
Lieut.-General Sir W. Robertson resigns as Quartermaster-General, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 25th and 27th, and August 4th, 1914)
General Ironside takes over command of Allied forces at Archangel
British Admiralty countermand orders for dispersal of Fleets (see 28th)
Corfu occupied by French forces (see o10th, 13th and 15th)
Maubeuge invested by German forces (see September 7th)
United States Govermnent recognises the Czecho-Slovaks as possessing a de factor Government (see August 13th and October 21st)
Australian and New Zealand troops in Egypt (see 16th, and December 1st, 1914)
Cl6menoeau appointed French Premier and War Minister (see 14th)
Durazzo bombarded by Austrian squadron (see 20th, and August 31st)
Staff of British Expeditionary Force appointed:- Commander-in-Chief: Field-Marshal Sir John French (see December 15th, 1915). Chief of General Staff: Lieut.-General Sir Archibald Murray (see January 24th, 1915). Adjutant-General: Lieut.-General Sir Nevil Macready (see February 21st, 1916). Quartermaster-General: Lieut-General Sir William Robertson (see January 24th, 1915).
British and French Governments conclude agreement regarding temporary administration of Togoland (see August 26th and 81st, 1914)
Swakopmund (German South-West Africa) occupied by South African forces
First German aeroplane raid on Paris (see September 16th, 1918)
Canadian contingent lands at Archangel to join Allied Expeditionary Force (see August 2nd)
Trepov as Premier (see February 1st, July 22nd, and December 2nd and 12th, 1916, and January 8th, 1917)
Ecuador severs diplomatic relations with Germany
"Natal" destroyed by internal explosion in Cromarty harbour
Durazzo raided by Austrian naval light forces: latter brought to action in Southern Adriatic
Battle of the Tser and the Jadar ends
Second Battle of Noyon ends (see 17th)
Pinheiro Chagas appointed Portuguese Premier (see 14th, and June 19th)
Battle of the Cerna and Monastir begins (see November 19th and December 11th)
British retreat from Cteslphon to Kut al Amara begins (see 22nd, and December 3rd)
British Government guarantee naval protection of French coasts against German aggression by way of the North Sea or English Channel
French Admiral to command Allied Naval Forces in the Mediterranean
British Government recognise the "King of the Arabs" as the King of the Hejaz (see November 4th)
French Government issue further revised list of contraband (see ' November 6th, 1914)
San Giovanni di Medua (Albania) captured by Austrian forces (see June 26th, 1915, and October 29th, 1918)
Battle of Malines ends (see 25th)
Battle of Champagne and Argonne begins (see October 15th)
Monastir (Serbia) captured by Allied forces (see October 5th, 1916, and 1)ecember 2nd, 1915)
Turkey declares war on Rumania (see 28th)
Naval action in the Southern Adriatic: Austrian light cruiser "Zenta" sunk by Allied squadron
"William P
Gorizia retaken by Austro-Gerinan forces (see 24th)
The Tsar signs order at 4 P
Viscount Grey, British Secretary for Foreign Affairs, resigns
First Battle of Champagne begins (see March 17th, 1915)
Battle of Riga begins (see 3rd and 5th)
First Serbian troops land at Corfu (see 10th, November 30th, 1915, and February 10th, 1916)
French Government issue new decree defining contraband (see 11th, and November 6th)
Actions of Chamova end (see 12th)
Battle of Lodz begins (see December 15th)
Ukrainian People's Republic proclaimed (see January 3rd, November 15th, and December 26th, 1918)
Mulhouse retaken by German forces (see 8th and 19th)
Affair of the Wadi Senab (11th/13th) (see November 23rd, 1915, and February 26th, 1916)
Mushaver ul Mamalek, Persian Foreign Minister, resigns (see 11th, and January 19th)
French cruiser "Dupetit Thouars" sunk by submarine in the Atlantio
Action of Nyangao (German East Africa) ends (see 16th)
Polish Regency Council appointed (see September 12th)
Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic relations with Serbia
M: Radoslavov, Bulgarian Premier, resigns (date of appointment July 20th, 1913)
Greek IVth Army Corps at Kavala surrenders voluntarily to German forces
Senhor V
China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary (see March 14th)
Battle of the Transloy Ridges (Somme) ends (see 1st)
Battle of Rumani (Sinai) (4th/5th) (see July 19th)
Attack by German Guard repulsed (see 22nd, and October 19th and 31st)
Appointment of Chief of General Staff lapses (see April 29th, 1917)
German troops cross Belgian frontier and attack Liege (see 3rd and 7th, and November 26th, 1918)
"State of War "commences between Montenegro and Germany (see 5th)
See also footnotes against entries of May 19th and August 5th
Mafia Island (German East Africa) seized by a British force
Action of l1amadi (Mesopotamuia) (28th/29th)
Third Allied attack on Mora (Cameroons) begins (see November 4th)
British hospital ship "Braemar Castle" damaged and beached in ZEgean Sea--probably mined
G(lerman ships in 1Piraeus harbour seized by the Allies
Battle of the Kolubara ends
Battle of Gawaiten-Gumbinnen (East Prussia) (19th/20th)
British force occupies Krasnovodsk on Caspian Sea
Battle of the Transloy Ridges (Somme) begins (see 18th)
Allied Conference at Rapallo
Entente Powers send Note to Greek Government demanding non- interference with Allied troops, and guaranteeing eventual restoration of occupied Greek territory (see 24th, and October 3rd)
French Government order General Mobilisation
) H
Second Battle of the Marne begins (see August 7th)
Eleventh Battle of the Jsonzo ends (see August 17th)
Dede Agatch (Bulgaria) bombarded by Allied squadron
Third Affair of Hafiz Kor (North-West Frontier of India)
Brasov (Transylvania) occupied by Rumanian forces (see 28th, and October 7th)
"Soharnhorst" (flag), "Gneisenau," "N uirnberg
British Government conclude further agreement with the Nether- lands Overseas Trust for rationing of Holland (see November 23rd, 1915)
Battle of Chyrow ends (see October 13th)
Mohammed VI succeeds to the throne (see November 14th, 1914)
Greek Government reject Serbian claim for help under Serbo- Greek Treaty of 1912
von Korber appointed Austrian Premier (see 21st, and December 14th)
Battle of Florina I (Macedonia) begins (see 19th)
Battle of Cracow begins (see December 2nd)
Fourth Battle of the Isonso ends (see November 10th)
Allied Economic Conference reassembles in Paris (see 27th, and June 3rd, 1915)
Critical day of Battles of Ypres, 1914: British line broken and ,I restored (see 19th, and November 11th)
German operations against the Baltic Islands begin (see 12th)
Port and Transit Executive Committee formed in Great Britain (see 10th)
Tabriz (North Persia) again occupied by Turkish forces (see January 30th, 1915)
"Tanks" in action for the first time (see July 28th, 1917)
Greek Government accept Entente demands (see 10th)
Final Treaty of Peace signed between Rumania and Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey (see March 5th), together with various supplementary treaties between the separate contracting parties (see November 10th)
Kilimatinde (German East Africa) taken
Dixmude stormed by German forces (see September 29th, 1918)
Great German daylight aeroplane raid on London
Petrov that they have no inten- tion of infringing the territorial integrity of Russia (see August 6th)
Li-Yuan-Hung elected President (see March 22nd, 1916, and July 6th, 1917)
"Audacious" sunk by mine off coast of Donegal
Jakobstadt (Baltic) stormed by German forces (21st/22nd)
General Sir Charles Monro assumes command of Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (see 15th, 17th, and November 4th)
The 1)on Cossacks declare independence
G(lerman and Bulgarian forces invade the Dobrudja (see August 25th, 1916, January 6th, 1917, and December 3rd, 1918)
First action of Qurna (Mesopotamia) begins (see 8th)
Battle of Marasesti (Rumania) begins (see August 1st)
Wolfe Murray, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Great Britain, resigns (see 26th, and October 26th, 1914)
First contingent of Italian troops arrive on the French front
), from Bremen (see August 23rd)
German cruiser" Yorck "sunk by mine off the German coast
First great aeroplane raid on England (Kent and Folkestone) to cause heavy casualties
Fourth Battle of Champagne begins (see 18th, and April 17th, 1917)
Battle of Jutland begins (see
Third Battle of the Isonzo begins (see November 3rd)
German Expeditionary Force for Finland leaves D)anzig (see 3rd)
Aqaba (Arabia) occupied by Arab forces
Dumba (appointed to United States, March 1913) (see 28th)
Austrian forces driven out of The Bukovina
Banyo captured by Allied forces (see 4th)
Murman Railway from Murmansk to Soroki seized by Allied forces (29th/30th) (see 23rd)
Brussels reoccupied by Belgian forces (see 21st, and August 20th, 1914)
Birjand (East Persia) occupied by British forces (see July 29th)
Braga as Portuguese President (see May 28th, and August 6th, 1915, and December 11th, 1917)
d States Government (see 18th)
Zaimis, Greek Premier, resigns (see May 8rd and June 26th)
Gounaris (see March 6th and 9th and October 5th)
Signor Salandra remains Premier (previously appointed March 24th, 1914) (see May 13th, 1915)
Serblan Government reinstated at Belgrade (see May 7th, 1916, and November 1st and 6th, 1918)
Asquith) declares Serbian independence to be an essential object of the war
Batum (Georgia) occupied by Turkish forces (see December 27th)
(News of armistice received) (see 9th, 14th and 25th)
Lord Derby assumes control of recruiting in Great Britain (seeI December 11th, 1916)
Armistice signed at Korenevo between Russia and The Ukraine (German-Ukrainian Command) (see June 12th)
Trotski appointed Minister for War (see November 8th, 1917)
French Government issue declaration modifying list of contraband (see August 25th, 1914, and January 3rd, 1915)
Russian Provisional Government refuse a German proposal for an unlimited armistice
Field- Marshal Earl Kitchener and his Staff drowned (see August 6th, 1914)
RouhanIen Government re-established at Bukharest (see December 1st, 1916)
Bulgaria severs diplomatic relations with the United States of America
I M
Monrovia (Liberia) bombarded by a German submarine (see August 4th, 1917)
British attack on Kondos Irangi (German East Africa) begins (see 19th)
Japanese naval forces occupy Yap Island (Pacific)
Action of Narungombe (East Africa)
and British Governments inform Greek Government that they are prepared to send troops requested (see 21st, 27th, and 28th)
Russian Bolshevik Government issue protest against union of Bessarabia and Rumania (see 9th and 16th, and December 10th)
French Government issue similar order (see October 29th, 1914, and November 6th, 1914)
Ministry of Information formed in Great Britain
(Affair of Longido
Provisional Government issue declaration repudiating a separate peace
Honduras severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see July 19th, 1918).
Turkish battleship "Barbarousse-Hairedine" sunk by British submarine "E.-11" in the Dardanelles.
The last German raider overseas (armed merchant cruiser "Kron- prinz Wilhelm ") interned at Newport News (United States of Amercla) (see March 14th)
Fort Rupel (Greek frontier of Macedonia) occupied by Bulgarian and German forces (see 31st)
El Fasher (capital of Darfur) occupied by Sudan force (see 22nd)
First units of Australian Imperial Force embark for France (see December 1st)
Greek, Serbian, and Rumanian Governments issue circular memorandum announcing their decision to strengthen the union between the three countries by all available means
Russian Provisional Government issue Proclamation acknowledging I the Independence of Poland (see 14th, November 5th, 1916, and April 5th, 1917)
Alexandropol (Georgia) occupied by Turkish forces
First British attack on Amman (Palestine) (27thj3Oth)
Agreement signed at The Hague for the exchange of combatant and civilian British and German prisoners of war (see May 13th, 1916)
Italian naval forces (see 18th, and October 80th) H
Battle of Dvlnsk begins (see November 1st)
Peace signed at Breat-Litovsk between Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey and thp Ukraine Rada
",La Bataille dos Monts," otherwise called the Third Battle of Champagne ﻿
Greek Government reject Entente offer of Smyrna (see 12th)
Belgian coast-line reached by German forces (see October 20th, 1918)
Baku again occupied by British forces (see September 15th)
Russia severs diplomatic relations with Bulgaria (see 4th and 19th)
Military Treaty (" Waffenbund ") signed between Germany and Austria-Hungary
First Battles of the Somme, 1918, begin with Battle of St
Admiral von Capelle appointed German Minister of Marine (see 14th, and August 13th, 1918)
First Battle of Picardy begins (see 26th)
Count Karolyl appointed Premier (see October 24th and 31st)
"Ruel ")
Cologne entered by British troops (see 12th, and November 24th)
Samarra (Mesopotamia) taken by British forces (23rd/24th)
Ministry of Munitions formed in Great Britain
The first passenger ship (British S
General Foch appointed Commander-in-Chief of Allied Armies in SFrance* (see March 26th, August 6th, and November 5th)
"Julnar" (see 29th)
Merville retaken by British forces (see 9th, and April 11th, 1918)
Emperor of Austria abdicates (see October 31st)
D1)r
United States Government announce arming of all merchant vessels in the war zone (see February 26th)
First German aeroplane raid on England undertaken on moonless night (see July 20th)
Russian force landed at Atna for attack on Trebizond (see April 17th)
German New Guinea and surrounding Colonies capitulate to Aus- tralian Expeditionary Force (see 21st, and October 11th)
San Giovanni di Medua (Albania) occupied by Italian forces (see January 25th, 1916)
Operations of the landing at Suvla end (see 6th and 21st)
Battle of St
Kaiser Wilhelm II signs abdication (see 9th and 10th)
Battles of Aras, 1917, begin with Battle of Vimy Ridge (see 14th) and First Battleof the Scarpe, 1917 (see 23rd, and May 4th)
British Government guarantee Greece eventual cession of Lemnos by Turkey (see 9th and July 25th)
French battleship "Bouvet" and British battleships "Irresistible" and "Ocean" sunk
First attack on Sanna-i-Yat (see 5th and 9th)
Provisional Government under Essad Pasha set up in Albania at Durazzo (see February 24th, 1916)
Arian, Rumanian I Foreign Minister, resign (see March 21st, and December 1st)
Portugal seizes German steamers in the Tagus (see March 9th)
German and Austrian representatives expelled from Egypt (see November 1st)
Kerenski succeeds General Guchkov as Russian Minister for War (see March 15th and November 8th)
Agreement concluded between Great Britain and France regarding respective claims in Turkish territories (see August 18th, 1917)
French Foreign Minister in speech outlines French War Aims (see January 5th, 1918)
Allied Offensive in Macedonia ends (see 11th)
First meeting in Paris of Allied Conference on Economic War (see February 5th, 1915, and June 14th, 1916)
British "Retaliatory Order in Council" relating to detention of enemy goods and Proclamation extending list of "absolute" contraband issued (see 12th, and December 23rd, 1914)
Declaration of Unity between Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Russia, and Serbia regarding military, economic, and
Russian forces begin first invasion of North Hungary (see October 8th)
Siege of Antwerp begins (see October 10th)
Antivari (Montenegro) occupied by Italian naval forces (see January 22nd, 1916)
"Simoom" sunk
transports when under British naval escort
Serbian operations in Syrmia begin (see 11th)
Battle of Bullecourt begins (see 17th)
Jeng-Kuo-Chang, President of China, retires (see July 6th, 1917, and September 4th, 1918)
Second Battle of the Isonzo begins (see August 10th)
First Allied advance on Yaunde (Cameroons) begins (see June 7th and 28th)
General Guillaumat appointed Allied Commander-in-Chief at Salonika (see 14th, and June 6th, 1918).
"Achilles" [  and Armed Boarding Steamer "Dundee ":" Leopard "sunk
British minelayer "Princess Irene" destroyed by internal explosion in Sheerness harbour
French Government decide to send Expeditionary Force to the Dardanelles (see February 16th and 20th, and April 25th)
New Moshi (East Africa) taken by British forces (see 5th and 12th)
"Pegasus" sunk by German light cruiser "Knigsberg" at Zanzibar (see October 31st, 1914, and July 11th, 1915)
German force in East Africa enters Rhodesia and attacks Fife (see 9th, and September 29th)
Action of Rafah (Sinai)
Turkish Dead Sea Flotilla seized by Arab camelry at El Mezraa'
Entente Governments notify Greece of forthcoming transfer of Montenegrin Army to Corfu (see 16th)
Battle of the Mortagne ends (see August 25th)
Prince Max of Baden appointed German Imperial Chancellor, and succeeds Admiral von Hintze as Foreign Minister (see Septem- ber 30th, July 9th, and November 9th)
Otavifontein (German South-West Africa) captured by South African forces (see June 19th)
Dr Machado Guimaries, Portuguese President, deposed (see 28th, and August 0th and October 5th, 1915)
Allied forces cross the Danube at Ruschuk and enter Rumania
Count Zeppelin dies
Battles of Ypres, 1918, end (see April 22nd, 1915, and July 31st, 1917)
British hospital ship "Glenart Castle" sunk by submarine in the Bristol Channel (see March 1st, 1917)
Hostilities between Sudan Government and Sultan of Darfur begin (see 16th, and December 31st)
General von Moltke resigns as Chief of the General Staff of the German Field Armies, and is succeeded by General von Falkenhayn (see August 2nd, 1914, and August 29th, 1918)
German Government acknowledges President Wilson's Note of October 23rd
Danish and Norwegian Governments recognise the independence of Finland (see 4th)
Third Battle of Lemberg begins (see 22nd)
Stanislau recaptured by Austrian forces (see March 4th, 1915, and August 10th, 1916)
Memel (East Prusia) again captured by Russ'an forces (see 21st, and February 17th)
"Blonde ") attacked by aircraft
Truce arranged between Russia and Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey from 7th to 17th
Serbian Government to control military and foreign affairs (see 28rd, and October 29th)
British Government inform Japanese Government that they will support Japanese claims to German possessions north of the Equator if it is understood that Japan will support similar British claims south of the Equator (see December 16th, 1914j
Last meeting of British War Council (see August 5th, 1914, and June 7th, 1915)
British Foreign Office issue statement justifying use of neutral flag at sea (see (th, 11th, and January 30th)
German force retreats (see 5th)
Battle of Champagne and Argonne ends (see September 26th)
and January 9th, 1917)
Rumanian Government open negotiations with Russian Government with a view to military assistance (see August 17th)
Messimy, French Minister for War,* resigns (see 27th)
Ishtip (see October 19th, 1915) and Veles (see October 21st, 1915) retaken by Serbian forces
First German airship raid on London area (see January 19th 1915, October 19th, 1917, and August 5th, 1918)
Estonia declared independent by the local Diet (see January 13th, 1918)
Members of Supreme Council appointed--General Sir H
t First German territory to be entered by Union troops
German Government send instructions to German Minister in Mexico (von Eckhardt) to negotiate alliance with Mexico and Japan against the United States (see February 28th)
Lieut.-General Sir R.C. Maxwell appointed Quartermaster-General, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 24th, and December 22nd, 1917).
Conquest of the Cameroons by Entente forces com- pleted (see March 3rd)
Defence of Abercorn begins (see 9th)
Battle of the Flanders Ridges ends (see September 28th)
Battle of the Rawka-Bzura begins
British Government issue Order in Council instituting the Air Council (see November 29th, 1917, and January 3rd, 1918)
Von Papen papers published in U
Milyukov appointed Russian Foreign Minister (see 14th, I January 27th, and May 16th)
Japan declares "State of War" with Austria-Hungary
Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary (see July 26th)
Last Russian and Rumanian forces evacuate the Dobrudja (see August 25th, 1916, and December 3rd, 1918)
Russian battleship "Peresvyet" sunk by mine off Port Said
German airship "P.L.-19" brought down near Libau.
"t British command of Lake Tanganyik' secured (see December 26th,
Stewart takes over command of British forces in !ast Africa (see October 81st)
Quentin Canal ends (see September 29th)
Funchal (Madeira) bombarded by German submarine (see December 12th, 1917)
Action of Sheikh Sa'ad ends (see 6th)
(lermany severs diplomatic relations with Japan (see 15th)
British army retreats from Mons (see 23rd, and September 5th)
Captain Cromie, R.N., British Naval Attaché, murdered by Bolsheviki in British Embassy, Petrograd
Battle of the Stryj (Galicia) begins (see June 11th)
Barthou, French Foreign Minister, resigns (see 16th, and October 23rd)
Ministry of Pensions formed in Great Britain
Battle of Kara Urgan (Caucasus) begins (see 13th)
Austro-Hungarlan declaration of war received by Belgian Govern- ment (see 22nd)
German force in East Africa recrosses the Rovuma and again enters German territory (see November 25th, 1917, and November 1st, 1918)
German commerce raider "Secadler" leaves Germany (see August 2nd, 1917)
Kangavar (Western Persia) occupied by a Russian force
Mustaufi ul Mamalek appointed Persian Prime Minister (see March 14th, 1915)
Second Battles of Arras, 1918, begin with Battle of the Scarpe, 1918 (see 30th, March 28th and September 3rd)
"Goliath" sunk by Turkish destroyer in the Dardanelles
German Government announce that submarine blockade of Great Britain will begin on the 18th February
Action of Tikrit (Mesopotamia) (see 6th)
Rovereto (Trentino) taken by Italian forces
Roulers recaptured by Allied forces (see October 18th, 1914)
London Stock Exchange closed (see January 4th, 1915)
Balfour as First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain (see 11th, and July 19th, 1917)
British Government send memorandum to United States Govern- I ment in defence of British blockade policy
Negotiations between Austria and Montenegro broken
Doiran occupied by British forces (see 19th, and December 11th, 1915)
"Glatton" sunk by explosion in Dover harbour
Wilson re-elected President of the United States
Ain ed Douleh succeeds Ala es Sultaneh as Persian Prime Minister (see June 6th, 1917, and January 19th, 1918)
General Sir Douglas Haig succeeds Sir John French as Commander- in-Chief of the British Armies in France (see 15th, and January 1st, 1917)
November 2nd, and March 10th, 1916)
Last bombardment of Paris by German long-range gun (see March 23rd)
Turkish advance on Egypt through Sinai begins (see February 2nd)
Twelfth Battle of the Ionzo begins: Austro-German offensive (see December 26th)
Russian Government order Partial Mobilisation as against Austria. (Evening) Russian Minister for War orders General Mobilisation without the knowledge of the Tsar (see 30th and 31st)
War Cabinet formed in Great Britain
Battle of Limanova-Lapanov ends (see 1st)
German airship sighted off East Coast of England (first appearance of hostile aircraft in vicinity of British Isles (see 21st)
Lieut
First Battle of Krasnik (Poland) ends (see 23rd)
t French name and date
Italian troops land at Salonika and join Allied force (see October 3rd, 1915, and July 30th, 1916)
Keupri-Keui (Armenia) retaken by Turkish forces (see 6th )
Raspdtin murdered in Petrograd
Evacuation of Suvla and Anzao ordered (see 19th and 20th)
Samsam es Sultaneh, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see 7th, and June 20th)
Hussein Kainel, Sultan of Egypt, dies
Allied forces withdrawn from Athens and the Piraeus after conflicts with Greeks (see November 30th, 1916, and January 24th, 1917)
Field-Marshal von der Goltz leaves Germany to take over control of the Turkish Army (see November 24th, 1915, and April 19th, 1916).
Battle of Mons (see 24th)
Japan declares war on Germany (see 15th)
Lieut.-General Sir C.F.N. Macready, Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain, resigns (see February 22nd, 1916, and September 11th, 1918).
United States Government formally protest to British Government against "Black List" policy (see October 22nd, 1914, December 23rd, 1915, and January 26th, 1916)
Austro-Gernman forces reach the l'iave (see October 24th)
British Government issue Proclamation authorising requisition of shipping
Admiral von Spee's squadron' leaves Ponape (Caroline islands) (see September 22nd)
"Dacia" (interned in the United States) sold to Mr
Artur Zimmermann appointed German Foreign Minister (see 20th, and July 15th, 1917)
Bulgaria declares war on Rumania (see August 30th)
Battle of Cracow ends (see November 15th)
Robertson appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff (see 22nd, and February 18th, 1918)
Albert recaptured by British forces (see 21st, and March 26th)
Battle of Morval (Somme) begins (see 28th)
British hospital ship "Anglia" sunk by mine off Dover
First British advance on Baghdad begins (see 22nd)
Russian Government order General Mobilisation (see 29th and 30th)
Haiti declares war on Germany (see June 16th, 1917)
First bomb dropped on English soil (near Dover)
Anglo-French Conference assembles in London to discuss the question of military assistance to Italy (see 25th)
France declares "state of war" with Bulgaria (see 4th and 15th)
Last German aeroplane raid on Paris (see August 30th, 1914)
Coronation of the "King of the Arabs" at Mecca (see October 29th and December 15th)
Anglo-French Conference on finance held at Calais
British naval air raid on Friedrichshaven
Qasr-i-Shirin (Western Persia) occupied by Turkish forces (see May 7th, 1916)
) Allied advance on Kamina (Togoland) from Lome begins (see 8th I and 26th)
Mushaver ul Mamalek reappointed Persian Foreign Minister (see 10th)
Turkish attack on Arab stronghold at Petra rejpulsed
French and Italian Governments accept British proposals for an international conference (see 24th)
Battle of the Plave ends (see 15th)
Battle of Langemarck, 1917 (Ypres), ends (see 16th)
Fort Douaumont recaptured by French forces (see February 25th, August 31st, and November 1st)
Portuguese Government decid', to extend military co-operation to Europe (see November 23rd, 1914, December 4th, 1914, and January 3rd, 1917)
Orders issued for all British aeroplanes on Western front to bear
British Government put economic pressure on Greece by making the "export restrictions" apply to that country (see 18th)
Pro-Entente revolution in Archangel
The French claim a foothold till the 7th
Great Britain and France sever diplomatic relations with Turkey
5Lh
(North Serbia) taken by Austro-German forces (30th/1st)
Georgilan Government sign peace treaty with Germany (see May 6th and 26th)
Cooreman presided over the Cabinet without the title of
British pursuit of retreating German force in East Africa checked at Affair of Kisaki
Admiral von 8pee's squadron destroyed
Czernowitz (Bukovina) retaken by Austro-German forces (see June 17th, 1916)
Battles of Ypres, 1917, begin with Battle of Pilckem Ridge (see August 2nd and November 10thl, 1917, and May 25th, 1915)
Albert Thomas announces arrangements completed for inter- Allied organisation of munitions
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo ends (see May 12th)
) Action between H
Last attempt to attack the British Isles with aeroplanes (unsuccessful) (see December 21st, 1914, and August 5th, 1918)
General Sir C
General Kornilov's revolt collapses (see 8th, 10th and 14th)
Negotin, on River Vardar, taken by Bulgarian forces
German forces reach the Marne
Battle of Verdun ends
Belgrade evacuated by retreating Serbian forces (see October 30th)
Albanian Government of Essad Pasha set up in Salonika (see February 28th)
Tanga (German East Africa) occupied by British forces (see November 5th, 1914)
British force begins attack on Tanga (German East Africa) (see 5th)
Fourth Battle of the Isonzo begins (see December 10th)
Declaration of Siberian Independence cancelled (see 4th)
Battle of Marasesti (Rumania) ends (see August 6th)
Great Britain declares "state of war" with Bulgaria (see 13th)
During this period the funetione of the oihce were performed by the Secretary of the Interior
Battle of Florinat ends (see 17th)
"Doullens Agreement" concluded
German cruiser "Friedrich Karl" sunk by mine in the Baltic
General Allenby succeeds General Sir A
Russian counter-offensive in Galicia
Radautz (Bukovina) taken by Russian forces
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force "B "arrive at Mombasa (see 16th, and December 31st)
Major-General Scheuch, German Minister for War, resigns (see October 9th)
da Silva Paes, Portuguese President, assassinated (see 16th, and May 9th)
Battle of Kachanik (Serbia) begins (see 8th)
Malinov appointed Premier and Foreign Minister
Lord Derby, Secretary of State for War, Great Britain, resigns (see December 11th, 1916)
Battle of Langemarck, 1917 (Ypres), begins (see 18th)
Pilsudskl) issue declamation proolaimlag Poland an Independent and Sovereign State (see June 3rd)
Venizelos) (see 2nd, and September 27th)
"Vindictive '" sunk to block the harbour (see April 23rd)
Entente Governments issue Note refusing to recognise Russo-Ger- man peace treaty (see 3rd and 14th)
Admiral Sims, United States Navy, hoists his flag at Queenstown as acting C.-in-C. Irish Command (see April 9th and May 2nd).
Battle of Scimitar Hill (Suvla) (see 15th)
and April 19th)
New British Order in Council revises list of contraband and modifies "Declaration of London" of 1909 (see August 20th, 1914, and July 7th, 1916)
Prime Minister (see November 21st)
General Guillautmat, Allied (oiimnander-in-Chief, Sadonika, recalled to Paris (see 15th and 18th, and December 22nd, 1917)
Battle of Bailleul (Lys) begins (see 15th)
Outbreak of Rebellion in Ireland (see May 1st)
Hazebrouck and Estaires captured by British forces (see 9th)
Full Inter-Allied Conference assembles in Paris to discuss the Balkan situation, with military, naval and political committees I to discuss plans in view of a probable collapse of Russia (Conference continued on 26th)
German Government establish a military dictatorship in The Ukraine
Battle of Delville Wood (Somme) begins (see September 3rd)
Belgian Government reject Papal mediation (see July 30th, 1915)
Italy proclaims Proteotorate over an independent Albania
Fort Vaux (Verdun) stormed by German forces* (see November 1st)
First Indian units reach the Flanders front (see September 20th, and November 10th, 1915)
Battle of Langemarck, 1914 (Ypres) begins (see 24th)
Last German troops recross Belgian frontier (see August 4th, 1914)
United States of America declare war on Germany (see February 3rd)
Battle of the Alsne, 1918 (" Third Battle of the Aisne "), begins (see June 6th)
Battle of the Ancre, 1918, brings to an end the First Battles of the Some, 1918 (see March 21st)
Greek Government refuse overland route for transport of Serbian army from Corfu to Salonika (see 15th, and February 10th)
Maramaros-Sziget taken by Russian forces (see 7th)
Contact patrol, or liaison with infantry, first instituted in the Royal Flying Corps
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force "F "leave India for Egypt (see 16th)
Action between Austrian and British naval light forces in the Straits of Otranto: 14 British drifters sunk
Battle of Gravenstafel Ridge (Ypres) (22ndi23rd)
Allied blockade of the Hejaz coast to assist revolt of Sherif of Mecca commenced (see June 7th)
November 3rd)
General Petain created Marshal of France (see May 15th, 1917)
First meeting of British Imperial War Conference (see December 19th, 1916)
First action of Es Salt (Palestine) (24th/25th)
Yuan-Shih-Kai relinquishes the throne of China (see December 11th, 1915, and June 6th, 1916)
Diplomatic relations severed with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey
German Government inform United States Government that United States demands for limitation of submarine activity are accepted
Italian counter-offensive In the Trentino begins (see 3rd
Hodeida (Southern Arabia) taken by British forces
General PWtain appointed Chief of French General Staff (see December 3rd, 1915, and May 15th, 1917)
National Registration Act becomes law in Great Britain (see August 15th)
German armed merchant cruiser "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" interned at Newport News, Va
Wekerle, Hungarian Premier, resigns (see 27th, and August 21st, 1917)
Battle of Armentieres begins (see November 2nd)
Havre Declaration" signed by France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and Russia guaranteeing integrity of Belgian Congo
General Petlyura commences revolt against The Ukraine Govern- ment (see December 11th)
Rostov (South Russia) captured by German forces
Odessa occupied by German forces (see December 11th)
Count Esterhazy appointed Hungarian Premier (see May 23rd and August 9th)
Austrian Emperor makes over the Austro-Hungarlan Fleet to the Yugo-Slav National Council (see 29th)
British submarine "E.-13" attacked by German warships while aground in Danish waters.
General Coanda appointed Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister (see 12th, and November 8th)
Japanese flotillas join Allied forces in the Mediterranean (see Feb- ruary 8th, 1916, and November 15th, 1917)
Operations of the first advance on Yaunde (Cameroons) end (see 7th)
Chinese and Japanese Governments conclude secret agreement as to future policy in Manchuria
French Government publish text of Emperor of Austria's letter to Prince Sixte of Bourbon proposing peace negotiations (see 15th, and March 31st, 1917)
Field-Marshal von der Goltz (see December 10th, 1914, and November 24th, 1915) assassinated by an Albanian officer
First German offensive against Warsaw
Joint Declaration by British and French Governments regarding future of Syria and Mesopotamia
Serbian Government give undertaking to Greek Government to cede Doiran and Gevgeli eventually to Greece, and not to claim Strumitsa
Wekerle again appointed Hungarian Prime Minister (see 17th, and October 24th)
Peace negotiations begun at Bukharest (see 6th, and March 5th)
Action in North Sea between German raider "Greif" and British auxiliary cruiser "Alcantara ": both sunk
Soissons (see 1st, and January 8th, 1915) and Amiens (see August 31st} reoccupied by French forces
Aleppo (Syria) taken by British forces
Brit!sh Government conclude a treaty with the Idrisi for co-operation against the Turks (see January 31st)
Qasr-i-Shirin (Western Persia) occupied by British forces (see July 8th, 1917)
Roulers taken by German forces (see October 14th, 1918)
Lemberg captured by Polish forces (see 1st)
German Expeditionary Force lands in South Finland at Hangs (see 1st, 13th, and December 16th)
Ypres occupied by German cavalry (see 18th)
Sedan taken by United States forces (see August 29th, 1914)
Battle of Tarnopol ends (see 7th)
Sa'id Halim, Turkish Grand Vizier, resigns t : succeeded by Talaat Pasha (see October lth, 1918)
Dover shelled by German submarine
Turkish Government announce abolition of "The Capitulations
Major-General J
Establishment of the East Persia Cordon (Anglo-Russian) begins (see October 7th)
Operations of Allied Force for capture of Garua (Cameroons) begin (see May 81st)
Battle of the Yser begins! (see November 10th)
Counter-revolutionary coup d'itat at Omak
British bombardment of Smyrna ends (see 5th and 15th)
Murray takes over command of the Force in Egypt from General Sir John Maxwell
Sudan force advances from Nahud into Dsrfur (see 1st, and May 22nd)
Austro-Hungarlan Government send ultimatum to Serbia (see 25th)
First British air raid on Germany (Diisseldorf and Cologne airship I sheds attacked) (see October 8th)
Valenciennes occupied by British forces (see 2nd, and August 25th, 1914)
Japanese battle cruiser "Tsukuba" sunk by internal explosion in harbour
d'Almeida as Portuguese Premier (see March 15th, 1916, and December 10th, 1917)
British residency at Bushire (South Persia) attacked by Tangistani tribesmen (see August 8th)
Turkish cruiser "Medjidieh "
Cuba declares war on Austria-Iungary
China severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see August 14th)
British battle squadron concentrates at Malta prior to joining Italian fleet in Adriatic (see 27th)
Liquid fire first used by the Germans on the Western front
Sipahsalar A'zam appointed Persian Prime Minister (see 5th, and August 29th)
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force "A "leave Egypt for Marseilles (see 9th)
Croation Congress (Sabor) unanimously adhere to Yugo-Slav
S.S. Lusitania sunk by German submarine "U.-20" off Queenstown (see February 6th)
nd December 24th)
Russian Bolshevik Government accuse Central Powers of falsifica- tion of reports of proceedings (see 8th and 23rd)
Bolivia severs diplomatic relations with Germany
Damascus taken by British and Arab forces
Bryan as United States Secretary of I State
First kite-balloon ship, H
Panama declares war on Austria-Hungary
"Britannia" sunk by submarine in the Atlantic (last warship so lost)
Italian Government order Mobilisatlon and declare war against Austria
Memel reoccupied by German forces (see November 11th, 1914, and March 18th, 1915)
Trebizond (Asia Minor) retaken by Turkish forces (see April 17th, 1916)
Senussi defeated by British forces in Action of Agagiya (Western Egypt) (see December 13th, 1915, and February 5th, 1917)
see Appendix
The Ban of Croatia refuses offer of Military Governor of Agram to suppress the Yugo-Slav National Council (see 5th and 29th)
German naval attack on Riga begins (see 21st)
Mushir ed Douleh, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see March 14th and April 27th)
Allied request for handing over of Dutch ships in Allied ports formulated (see March 7th)
Air Ministry formed in Great Britain
Last German airship raid on Paris (see March 21st, 1915, and September 16th, 1918)
Battle of St. Quentin Canal begins (see October 2nd).
Swedish S
First session of armistice delegates at Brest-Litovsk - Bolshevik Russia, and Bulgaria, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey (see 6th, and November 30th).
German Government announce forthcoming "unrestricted" sub- marine warfare and threaten to sink hospital ships (see February 1st)
Agreement concluded between Great Britain and Belgium concerning
Trotaki announces that state of war between Russia and Central Powers, Bulgaria and Turkey is ended, but that Russia will not sign formal peace treaty (see 18th, and January 30th)
Battle of the Drina begins (see 17th)
Laon and La Fire retaken by French forces (see August 30th, 1914)
Rozan and Pultusk (North Poland) stormed by German forces
Briand remains Premier
Davignon as Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs (M
Battle of Zamoeo-Komarow begins (see September 2nd)
German airship "L.-39" destroyed at Compiegne when returning from raid on England.
King of Greece refuses assent to policy of M
The Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated at Sarajevo
Battle of Yalenolennes ends (see 1st and 3rd)
Allied war aims outlined 'see December 18th, 1,116
Prince William of Wied leaves Albania (see October 4th)
War Office take over from the india Office control of operations in Mesopotamia
German forces reach Claye, 10 miles from Paris (nearest point reached during the war)
Yugo-Slav delegates meet at Agram and decide on the formation of a United National Council (see 29th, and September 25th)
Entente Governments announce forthcoming blockade of Greece from December 8th (see 1st)
Russian Constituent Assembly dispersed by Bolsheviki (see 11th, and November 8th, 1917, and January 19th, 1918)
Cetinje (Montenegro) occupied by Austrian forces
t This unit, the 29th Punjabis, was the first to leave India for any theatre of war
Prince Golitsin, Russian Premier, removed from office by Revolutionary party (see 12th, 15th, and January 8th)
Coalition Ministry formed in Great Britain by Mr
First Battle of Przasnysz begins (see 27th)
British advance on Kilimanjaro (East Africa) begins (see 10th and 21st)
Semlin evacuated (see lthl)
British and Chinese Governments conclude agreement for employ
First airship raid on England (see December 21st, 1914, and August 5th, 1918)
German airship "L.-19" founders in the North Sea.
Samoa occupied by New Zealand Expeditionary Force
Lieut.-General Giichi Tanaka appointed Japanese Minister for War (see 29th).
Allied forces landed at the Piraeus (see December 1st)
Jerusalem surrenders to British forces (see 11th)
King of Serbia arrives at Salonika (see 15th)
Turkish Army retreats from Kut (see 23rd, and January 9th)
Signor Salandra reappointed Italian Premier on reconstruction of Cabinet, with Baron Sonnino as Foreign Minister (see 13th, and June 11th, 1916)
Agreement concluded between Great Britain and France supple- menting" prize "convention of November 9th, 1914
Former succeeds M
President Wilson replies to Austro-Hungarian Note of October 4th (see 27th)
Belgian Government refuse German demands (see 2nd and 4th)
"First Offensive Battle" of Yerdun ends (see October 24th, 1916, and August 20th, 1917)
Tabriz (North Persia) evacuated by Russian forces - (see 8th and 30th)
da Silva Paes appointed Acting President of Portugal (see December 11th, 1917, and May 9th, 1918)
Sir William Birdwood later temporarily commanded the Fourth Army in France and then the Australian Corps, till eventually appointed to command the Fifth Army on May 23rd, 1918
Battle of the Flanders Ridges begins (see October 10th)
San Marino declares war on Austria-Hungary
British Government notify Russian Government of their acceptance of Russian claims to Constantinople (see 4th, April 12th, 1915, and December 2nd, 1916)
The last German forces driven out of German East Africa into Portuguese territory (approximate date) (see November 25th)
Battle of the Gette (18th/ 19th)
Merv (Trans-Caspia) taken by Bolshevik forces (see November 1st)
President Wilon, in a speech, defines United States policy in regard to the "Lusitania" outrage (see 7th)
Turkish advance-guards reach the Suez Canal (see 3rd, and January 26th)
Walney Island battery (Barrow-in-Furness) shelled by German submarine (first operation of German submarines in the Irish Sea)
Count Hertling succeeds D)r
British Government reject German proposals for British neutrality (see 29th)
Arthur Balfour, First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain, resigns, and is appointed Secretary for Foreign Affairs (see 12th, and May 28th, 1915)
Aeroplane drops bombs in sea near Dover (see 24th, January 19th, 1915, and July 20th and August 5th, 1918)
General Sarrail assumes command of all Allied forces at Salonika (see December 14th, 1917)
Noyon taken by German forces (see September 21st)
Baku finally evacuated by the British forces (night 14th,'15th) (see August 26th and November 17th)
t For the purposes of the Treaty of Versailles it was subsequently assumed that this rupture took place on the 27th, which date wes accepted as that of the commencement of Italy s belligerence , against Germany
German airship "L.-59" leaves Yambol (Bulgaria) for East Africa (see 23rd).
Austrian forces cross the Save and seize Shabatz (see 25th)
Petersburg)
Austro-Hungarian Government order Partial Mobilisation as against Serbia (see 28th and 31st)
I (Last airship raid on London
Austro-Hungarian Government sends Note to President Wilson proposing an armistice (see 27th, and September 16th)
Bukharest capitulates to the German forces (see November 30th, 1918)
Allies commence blockade of Greek Macedonian coast from mouth of the Struma to mouth of the Mesta (see December 15th, 1915)
Turkish battleship "Messoudieh" sunk by British submarine "B 11" in the Dardanelles (see November 6th)
Battle of Malines begins (see 27th)
Lens occupied by British forces (see October 4th, 1914)
Count Stuirgkh, Austrian Premier, murdered (appointed Premier November 3rd, 1911) (see 28th)
Jaffa ( Palestine) taken by British forces
Action of Demir Kapu (5th/6th) in French retreat from Serbia
Secret Alliance between Germany and Turkey signed at Berlin
Swiss Government order Mobilisation
German, Austro-Hungarian and Turkish Governments send reply to President Wilson's Note
Baron Burian succeeds Count Berchtold* as Austro-Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs (see December 22nd, 1916)
Laon, La Fbre, and Roye occupied by German forces (see March ' 17th, 1917, and October 13th, 1918)
German raider "Moewe" sails from Kiel on second cruise (see March 4th, 1916, and March 22nd, 1917)
4 th
British Envoy (Sir H
Treaty concluded between British Government and Ibn Sa'ud, Emir of Nejd (see July 18th, 1916)
German forces begin attack on Namur (see 25th)
Bapaumnie retaken by British forces (see March 24th)
German airship "L.-31" destroyed by aeroplane at Potter's Bar, near London (night lst/2nd).
Succeeded by General Diaz
Field-Marshal von der Goltz (see December 10th, 1914, and April 19th, 1916) takes command of Turkish forces in Mesopotamia
Entente Powers send Ultimatum to Greece
Hostilities commence on French frontier
"Amphion" sunk by mine off Yarmouth
Honduras declares war on Germany (see May 17th, 1917)
Battle of Sarikamish ends (see December 29th, 1914, and April 4th, 1918)
Ribot as French Premier (see 9th, and November 14th)
Battle of TA rga-Jiu, Rumania (16th/17th)
Sipahsalar A'zam, Persian Prime Minister, resigns, and is succeeded by Vossuq ed Douleh, who also acts as Foreign Minister (see March 6th, 1916, and May 29th, 1917)
General von Hindenburg promoted Field-Marshal (see September 18th, 1914, and August 29th, 1916)
Landing of original British Expeditionary Force* In France completed (announced August 18th) (see 7th)
United States S
Clement
Battle of Kachanik ends (see 5th)
This was the most southerly point reached by Colonel von Lettow-Vorbeck's force
British Government declare Khedive Abbas Hilmi deposed, and proclaim Prince Hussein Kamel Pasha as Sultan of Egypt (see October 9th, 1917)
Last German aeroplane raid on England by daylight (see July 7th and September 2nd)
Battles of the Hindenburg Line (see October 9th) begin with Battle of Havrincourt
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force "F "land in Egypt (see 2nd, and March 25th, 1915)
France severs diplomatic relations with Austria-Hungary (see 12th)
Greek Government refuse Entente demand for withdrawal of Greek troops from Salonika (see 9th)
German minelayer "Konigin Luise" sunk
British Government inform Finnish Government that they are min no way hostile to Finnish aspirations on the Murman Coast and in Karelia
General Foch created Marshal of France
Belgian Government declare that, in the event of war, Belgium will uphold her neutrality "whatever the consequences" (see 31st)
German cruisers raid convoy in North Sea and sink British 12th)
Canadian War Cabinet formed
Lord Kitchener leaves England for the Dardanelles (see 10th)
Russian battleship "Svobodnaya Rossiya" destroyed in Black Sea to avoid surrender to the Germans (see May 4th)
Kalogeropoulos forms new Greek Ministry (see 11th, and October 3rd)
Dr. B.L. Machado Guimaraes, Portuguese Premier, resigns (appointed June 23rd, 1914) (see 12th).
British Labour Party decide to send delegates to a "consultative ' Conference at Stockholm (see i3th)
Battle of the 1)rocourt,-Qudant Line (2nd/3rd)
Transylvanian frontier of Rumania crossed by German forces (see August 28th and September 29th)
Ujiji, on Lake Tanganyika (German East Africa), occupied by Belgian forces
British force storms Sheikh Said (Southern Arabia) and destroys the defences (10th/llth)
German gunboat "Geier" interned at Honolulu
British forces, retreating from Ctesiphon, reach Kut (see 7th, and November 25th)
"Gloucester" and the "Goeben" and "Breslau" off the coast of Greece (see 4th and 11th)
Anglo French Conference assembles in Boulogne to discuss an Italian offensive and the extension of the British front in France (see 4th)
Greek Provisional Government (M
Entente demarche in Athens, Sofia, and Bukharest to secure help for Serbia (see 6th, and January 24th, 1915)
German raider "Moewe" sails from Bremen on first cruise (see February 1st, 1916)
Battles of Morhange and Sarrebourg end (see 14th)
Mamakhatun (Armenia) again taken by Russian forces (see May 31st)
Great Britain and France formally declare war on Turkey (see 1st and 11th, and October 31st)
Serbian Government leave Prizren for Scutari (Shkodra) (see 8rd, and December 3rd)
Asquith held the appointment from March 31st, 1914
Ex-Tsar Nicholas II, ex-Tsaritsa, and family murdered at Ekaterin- burg (see March 15th, 1917)
Manmakhatun retaken by Turkish forces (see 24th)
Kerenski assumes Dictatorship of Russia (see August 6th and November 8th) and issues proclamation declaring General Kornilov a traitor (see 8th and 13th)
Japan declares adherence to the Pact of London (see September 5th, 1914, and November 30th, 1915)
Shiraz (South Persia) occupied by British forces
Trans-Caucasian Federal Government (see September 20th, 1917, and April 22nd, 1918), dissolved
General Sir Stanley Maude succeeds Lieut
Severe aeroplane raid on England (Margate and London
Fort Thiaumont (Verdun) retaken by French forces (see 23rd, and July 1st)
Battles of Messines and Armentieres end (see October 12th and 13th)
German cruiser "Undine" sunk by British submarine "E.-19."
Affair of Nyamakura (East Africa)* (lst/3rd)
Belgrade taken by Austrian forces (see December 15th, 1914, and November 1st, 1918)
Zaimis appointed Greek Premier (see 5th, and November 5th)
Bagamoyo (German East African coast) occupied by British forces
Sultan of Turkey as Khalif proclaims Jehad against those making war on Turkey or her allies (see 11th)
Venizelos appointed Greek Premier (see 24th and 27th, and October 5th, 1915)
Bolshevik Committee at Enzeli arrested by British military authorities
Zaleszczyki (Galicia) taken by Russian forces (see July 30th, 1917)
(See December 19th, 1914)
General Mannerheim elected Regent of Finland (see December 6th, 1917).
Serbian Government leave Nish (see 23rd, and July 25th, 1914)
Armistice concluded at Kiev between the whole State of The Ukraine and Russian Bolshevik Republic (see May 4th)
The Ukraine Government issue protest against union of Bessarabia and Rumania (see 9th and 23rd)
Herr Richard von Kuhlmann appointed German Foreign Minister (see July 15th, 1917, and July 9th, 1918)
German cruiser "Emden "destroyed by H
Kirkuk (Mesopotamia) taken by British forces (see 24th)
First aerial operations carried out by combined French and British air services on French Western front
British hospital ship "Guildford Castle" attacked by German submarine in Bristol Channel, but reaches port
British and French Governments conclude convention as to naval "prizes" (see August 6th, 1914, and January 15th, 1917)
King Constantine of Greece abdicates in favour of his second son, Prince Alexander (see 11th)
Coup d'dtat in Baku: Bolshevik Government replaced by Central Caspian Dictatorship
"Pacific blockade" of Greece by Entente Powers begins (see 22nd)
See note to entry of May 81st
British, French, and Italian Governments make declarations sup- porting national aspirations of Poles, Czeoho-Slovaks, and Yugo-Slavs (see February 20th, June 29th, August 13th, September 25th, and November 16th)
Settlement Treaty between Germany and Turkey ratified at Berlin (see January 11th, 1917)
Second Battle of Champagne begins (see March 17th and November 6th)
Second Battle of Kemmel Ridge (25thi26th): Mount Kemmel stormed by German forces (see 19th, and August 31st)
Battle of Baranovichl ends (see 2nd)
Baron Sonnino appointed Italian Foreign Minister (see October 16th and 80th, 1914, and May 13th, 1915)
Battle of the Vardar ends (see 5th)
Compulsory Service Act becomes law in the United States of America (see April 28th)
Mamakhatun (Armenia) taken by Russian forces (see 31st)
Entente Governments proclaim blockade of Egean coast of Bulgaria
Kirkuk (Mesopotamia) evacuated by the British forces (see 7th, and October 25th)
Poltava (South Russia) captured by German forces
German offensive on the Niemen abandoned (see 25th)
Ponta Delgada (Azores) shelled by a German submarine
Turco-Bulgarian Frontier Convention signed at Dimotika
"Pacific blockade "of Greece suspended (see 6th)
First night air raid on London
Serbian Government set up at Salonika (see February 9th, 1916, and December 9th, 1918)
Yugo-Slav National Council at Agram protest against the Italian occupation of Fiume (see 5th and 18th)
King of Greece gives assurance to British Minister that Greece will maintain neutrality, but Greek mobilisation (see September 23rd) and Allied disembarkation at Salonika will proceed (see 3rd, 5th and 8th)
Machado Guimares succeeds D)r
Kildi (Hebrides)
Destroyer action in North Sea between Allied and German flotillas (see October 17th, 1914)
Ernst Ritter von Seidler appointed Austrian Premier (see 18th, and June 21st, 1918)
Italian Cabinet resign
Naval action in the Caspian between British and Bolshevik vessels
British Government conclude agreement with American rubber interests that rubber should not be exported except to Great Britain
: Bailleul taken by the German forces (see October 14th, 1914, and August 30th, 1918)
French and Russian Governments conclude "Sykes-Picot" agree- ment for eventual partition of Asia Minor (see May 9th and May 23rd)
Allied fleet arrives at Constantinople (see 12th and 21st)
British Government recognise Latvian Provisional Government as independent (see January 12th)
British and Russian Governments agree to request of Persian Government for a monthly subvention
Samsam es Sultaneh succeeds Mustaufi ul Mamalek as Persian Prime Minister (see 31st, and January 19th)
German Government notify Swedish Government of occupation of the Aaland Islands (see 2nd)
Major-General Pershing arrives in England (see 13th, and May 10th)
Lowca and Harrington, near Whitehaven (Cumberland), shelled by German submarine
Second Battle of Krithia (Dardanelles) begins (see 8th, and April 28th)
Mushaver ul Mamaleh succeeds Ala es Sultaneh as Persian Foreign Minister (see June 6th, 1917, and August 10th, 1918)
German forces begin an unprovoked invasion of Angola (Portuguese West Africa) (see December 4th)
of complete union with Rumania (see December 7th)
Battle of the Skra di Legen (Macedonia)
Przemysl capitulates to Ruse!an forces (see November 10th, 1914, and June 3rd, 1915)
Constantinople and Adrianople attacked by aeroplanes of the Royal Naval Air Service from Mudros
Belgian Government transferred from Antwerp to Ostend (see August 17th and October 12th and 13th)
msa (Rhodesia) taken by Colonel von Lettow-Vorbeck's force (see 1st and 18th)
Second Advance on Yaunde ('amineroons) begins (see January 1st, 1916)
Balfour) informs Polish National Committee that Great Britain does not accept the treaty between The Ukraine and Central Powers (see 9th, January 10th, and June 3rd)
Nicaragua severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see May 8th, 1918)
Milyukov as Russian Foreign Minister (see March 15th and November 8th)
Agreement concluded between Japan and China substituting Japanese authority for German in Tsingtau customs (see November 7th, 1914)
Action of Gibeon (25th/26th) (German South-West Africa)
Turkish Army evacuates the As Sinn position and withdraws to Kut (see April 29th and December 13th)
First British submarines ("E.-1" and "E.-9") enter the Baltic
First Battle of Gaza begins (see 27th)
Battle of Rosibres (Somme) (26th/27th)
Lieut.-General Oka, Japanese Minister for War, resigns (appointed April 16th, 1914) (see 30th)
First Battle of Picardy ends (see 22nd)
Malines taken by German forces
Marshal Foch placed in supreme strategical direction of all forces operating against Germany on all fronts (see April 14th)
The Grand Duke Nicholas appointed Viceroy of the Caucasus (see 5th)
and November 8th, 1918)
Crlonne (Aisne) retaken by French forces (see September 1st, 1914, April 16th, 1917, and May 27th, 1918)
Ivangorod (Poland) invested by Austro-German forces (see August 5th)
Germans accuse French of using poison gas near Verdun (see 22nd)
German airship "L.-7" destroyed off the Slesvig coast.
Bruges occupied by German forces (see October 19th, 1918)
Hungary declaes Independence (see let, and October 31st)
Roye occupied by French forces (see August 30th, 1914, and March 26th, 1918)
h and 21st)
Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic relations with Portugal
German armed forces in New Guinea surrender to the Australian Expeditionary Force (see 17th, and October l itl)
King Boris of Bulgaria abdicates (see October 4th)
First authenticated case of German submarine firing on a ship's crew in open boats (British S
Fifth Batt'e of the Iscnzo begins (see March 17th
Action of Istabulat (Mesopotamia) (21st/22nd)
German minelayer "Albatross" driven ashore
Protocol signed by United States of America and Panama as to use of Panama Canal by ships of belligerent Powers
New National Government formed in Estonia (see 16th, and January 18th)
Mons retaken by British forces (see August 24th, 1914)
Allied Offensive in Macedonia to free Monastir begins (see 23rd)
Orders issued for employment at the Dardanelles of the
Klev (Ukraine) captured by German forces (see December 20th)
German raider "Moewe" returns to Bremen (Germany) (see December 26th, 1915, and November 26th, 1916).
Czernowitz (Bukovina) taken by Russian forces (see October 22nd)
Muslimiya Junction, north of Aleppo (Syria), occupied by British cavalry
"Royal Edward" sunk in the iEgean by German submarine
First United States ship attacked by German submarine (see February 19th and March 13th)
German destroyers bombard Yarmouth (Norfolk)
Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic relations withm United States of America (see December 7th)
Battle of Przemysi ends (see 3rd, and May 24th)
Dutch Government lodge protest against blockade policy of the Entente (see 11th and 12th)
First Battle of Champagne ends (see December 20th, 1914)
Action of Falahiya (Mesopotamia) (see 1st and 6th)
United States of America declare war on Austria-Hungary (see April 8th)
Lens and Bailleul occupied by German forces (see 14th, and September 3rd, 1918, and August 30th, 1918)
Inter-Allied Conference* at Petrograd dissolves (see January 17th)
Russian Bolshevik Government notify willingness to sign Peace Treaty with Germany (see 18th and 28th)
Semlin (Syrrmia) occupied by Serbian forces (see 17th)
Austrian Emperor issues manifesto proclaiming a Federal State on the principle of Nationality (excluding Hungary) (see 5th and 29th)
Operations of the landing at Suwla (Dardanelles) begin (see 15th)
Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, First Sea Lord, Great Britain, resigns (see 27th, and December 4th, 1916)
Provisional Government in Russia recognised by Great Britain, France, Italy, United States of America, Rumania, and Switzerland (see 14th)
Yugo-Slav State recognised as independent by Italy (see June 3rd and October 5th)
Przemysl retaken by Austro-German forces (see March 22nd and May 24th)
The German counter-attacks at Cambral begin (see 20th, and December 3rd)
Przemysl isolated by Russian forces
Battle of Yittorio Yeneto ends (see October 24th)
(The only loss sustained by U
Battle of Verdun begins (see 25th, and August 31st)
Battle of the Marne begins* (see 9th and 10th)
Prizren (Serbia) retaken by French forces (see December 1st, 1915)
Treaty of alliance signed at Sofia between Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and Turkey
General Sir John Nixon relieves General Sir Arthur Barrett as Commander-in-Chief Indian Expeditionary Force "D," Mesopo- tamia (see November 13th, 1914, March 18th, 1915, and January 19th, 1916)
Peace negotiations between Russian Bolshevik Government and Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey opened at Brest-Litovsk (see 15th, and January 5th, 1918)
(see December 10th, 1915)
Chad frontier crossed by French forces
Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain
Joint declaration signed by Great Britain and France to prevent trade by or with Germany (see April 17th, 1916)
Karind (West Persia) occupied by a Russian force (later withdrawn)
Belgrade retaken by Serbian forces (see October 9th, 1915, and December 9th, 1918)
Trepov, Russian Premier, resigns and is succeeded by Prince Golitsm (see November 24th, 1916, and March 13th, 1917)
Inter-Allied Conference assembles in Rome to discuss co-operation, and the questions of Macedonia, Greece, the command of the Salonika expedition, and to convene a shipping conference
Italian detachment reaches Corfu (see January 11th and 15th)
Remnant of Berbian Army concentrated at Corfu (see January 15th and April 3rd)
Japanese forces land in Shantung to attack Tsingtau (se3 August 15th, September 23rd and November 7th)
Armentieres retaken by British forces (see April 11th)
First Battle of the Isonzo begins (see July 7th)
Admiral Sir John Jellicoe appointed First Sea Lord, Great Britain (see 3rd, August 4th, 1914, November 29th, 1916, and December 26th, 1917)
Russian Constituent Assembly meet in Petrograd (see 13th)
Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic relations with Japan (see 25th)
Hamadan (Western Persia) recaptured by Russian forces (see August 10th, 1916, and March 16th, 1918)
Urmia (North Persia) retaken by Rusaian forces (see Aprdil 16th)
Stanislau (Galicia) captured by Austrian forces (see October 30th, 1914, and March 4th, 1915)
German Government send note to United States Government stating that it is not intended to postpone the extended submarine campaign (see 10th, 21st, and March 1st)
Reimrns evacuated by German forces (see 5th and 19th)
Last rebels in the Transvaal captured (see December 28th, 1914)
Fist Battle of Guise begins (see 30th)
First meeting of Dardanelles Committee* of the British Cabinet (see May 14th and October 30th)
First merchant ship (S
Finland declares independence (see January 4th, 1918)
British operations against the Senussi come to an end (see 5th, and November 23rd, 1915)
Baron Sonnino, Italian Foreign Minister, tenders his resignation (see 16th, and November 3rd, 1914)
Third Battle of Gaza ends (see October 27th)
First important fighting
President Wilson replies to German Government, attaching further military conditions to the terms of armistice, and warning against further breaches of laws of war, and insists on dealing only with a democratic Government (see 12th and 20th)
Hostilities commence on Polish frontier
Identic Notes presented by Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian, German, and Turkish Governments to United States Ambassadors in their respective countries requesting them to inform the Govern- ments of the Entente Powers that the four Allied Central Powers are ready to negotiate for peace (see 30th)
First British Attack on Hanna (Mesopotamia): First Attempt to relieve Kut fails (see 4th, and March 8th)
General Gallieni appointed Governor of Paris (see October 30th, 1915)
Ma'an (on Hojaz Railway) evacuated by the Turkish garrison (see 29th)
Battles of Megiddo (Sharon and Nablus) (Palestine) begin (se- 23rd and 25th)
British command of the lake secured
Gounarir appointed Premier of Greece (see 6th, and August 22nd)
First meeting of Russian and German delegates behind German lines to arrange for armistice (see 21st and 30th)
German force under Colonel von Lettow-Vorbec effects passage of the Rovuma and defeats Portuguese force at Ngomano. German operations in Portuguese East Africa begin (see December 1st, 1917, and September 29th, 1918).
General Shuvaev, Russian Minister for War, resigns and is succeeded by General Byelyaev (see March 29th, 1916, and March 13th, 1917)
Second Battle of Passehendaele (Ypres) begins (see 12th, and November 6th and 10th)
End of Battle of Cambral (see 8th) brings Battles of the Hindenburg Line to a close (see September 12th)
German Government make proposals to secure British neutrality (see 30th)
Italian battleship "Regina Margherita" sunk on Italian minefield
British Protectorate over Egypt proclaimed
Armistice between Russia and Central Powers begins (see 15th)
End of First Austrian invasion of Sarbia (see September 8th)
Lieut.-General Sir G.M.W. Maedonogh appointed Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain (see August 30th).
General Sarrail demands withdrawal of Greek troops from Salonika (see 11th)
Action of Beho-Beho (East Africa) begins (see 4th)
First tmit of Indian Expeditionary Force "C "arrives at 14Iombasa (see August 19th and December 81st)
Battle of Ypres, 1918, ends (see September 28th)
Russian Premier (M
Evacuation of Helles (Gallipoli Peninsula) begins (see 8th, and December 28th, 1915)
Battle of Tannenberg begins (see 31st)
General C.M. Dobell appointed to command Allied land forces operating in the Cameroons.
Battle of Bellewaerde Ridge (Ypres) (24th/25th)
Entente Governments send ultimatum to Greek Government Professor Lambros forms new Greek Ministry (see 3rd, September 29th, 1916, and May 3rd, 1917)
I'ainleve', Frentch h'remnier and War Minister, resigns (see 16th, and Selptelber 12th)
Formal signature of the Pact of London by Great Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy (see September 5th, 1914
British Government send ultimatum to Germany
French troops cross the frontier of Alsace (see 2nd)
Count Heinrich Clam-Martinitz appointed Austrian Premier (see 14th, and June 18th, 1917)
Battle of Soissons begins (see 14th)
General Sir H. Smith-Dorrien resigns appointment as Commander-in-Chief British Forces, East Africa (see November 22nd, 1915, and February 19th, 1916)
First attack on Mora (Cameroons) (see September 8th, 1915)
Dixmude retaken by Belgian forces (see November 10th, 1914)
Viscount Motono appointed Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (see 20th, and April 21st, 1918)
Compulsory Military Service Bill in New Zealand comes into operation (see June 10th)
ith
Turkish Christmas Eve Attack on Kut (24th/25th)
First unit of Indian Expeditionary Force "C "f leaves India for East Africa (see September 1st)
Battle of Dukhovskaya (Eastern Siberia) (23rd/24th)
Agreement concluded between British, French and Italian Govern ments for provision of tonnage for the Allied food programme (see November 10th, 1915, January 6th and December 3rd, 1917)
State of "Kriegsgefahr" proclaimed in Germany (see August 1st)
General Nivelle becomes Commander-in-Chief of French Northern and North- Eastern Groups of Armies (see May 15th, 1917), and General Joffre (see December 3rd, 1915) becomes Technical Military Adviser to the War Cabinet
End of organised rebellion in South Africa (see September 15th, 1914, and January 11th, 1915)
General Kornilov heads revolt against Russian Provisional Govern- ment and marches on Petrograd (see 10th and 13th, and August 1st)
German cruiser "Magdeburg" German forces in Togoland capitulate to the Allied forces (see 8th, 13th and 31st)
Forces of Ali D)inar, ex-Sultan of Darfur,
Rumanian Government order mobillsation, and declare war on Austria-Hungary (see 17th and 28th)
Basra (Mesopotamia) occupied by British forces (see 6th)
Japanese Government send ultimatum to Germany demanding evacuation of Tsingtau (see 23rd, and September 2nd)
Admiral von Capelle, German Minister of Marine, resigns (see 15th, and March 15th, 1916)
Rumania refuses Entente suggestion that she should join Greece in support of Serbia (see 24th and 29th, October 15th, 1915, and I December 6th, 1914)
Barthou succeeds M
German Government reject British proposals for an international conference (see 24th and 27th)
Entente Powers begin blockade of Greece (see 7th)
First contingent of United States troops arrive in Italy (see November 3rd and 4th, 1917)
Japanese Foreign Minister declares Japan will, not give up German islands occupied north of the Equator (see 8rd, and February 14th, 1917)
Belgrade occupied by Serbian forces (see 2nd)
Ukhtinskaya (Murman front) captured by Allied forces
n Dover Straits (night 26th/27th) (see April 20th, 1917)
Hamadan (Western Persia) taken by Tutirkish forces* (see December 14th, 1915, and March 2nd, 1917)
Mdtin as French Minister for Blockade (s% 23rd, and August 17th)
British retreat from Macedonia begins
Belgian Government proposal for neutralisation of African free trade zone formulated (see 22nd)
British troops land at Vladivostok (see 2nd, and April 5th)
Uruguay severs diplomatic relations with Germany
Naval action off Premuda Island (Adriatic)
Battle of Ginchy (Somme)
"Dresden" escapes (see March 14th, 1915)
Baron de Broqueville resigns as Belgian Minister for War (appointed February 28th, 1914) and succeeds Baron Beyens as Minister for Foreign Affairs (see January 18th, 1916, and January 1st, 1918). Lieut.-General A. de Ceuninck appointed Minister for War (see November 21st, 1918).
Battle of the Ardennes begins (see 24th)
Tereshclienko as Foreign Minister (see 13th May 16th, and August 6th)
Germany declares war on Franoe
"Bristol" and German cruiser "Karlsruhe" in the West Indies (see November 4th)
Allied offensive in Albania checked (see 6th, 10th, and August 22nd\
Battle of the Meiin Road Ridge (Ypres) begins (see 25th)
British hospital ship "Britannic" sunk by mine in AEgean Sea
" The German list carries the battle up to September 9th
General d(le Wet, the leader of South African rebellion, captured by Union troops (see 28th, and September 15th)
British naval operations on Lake Tanganyika begin (see 26th)
(Appointed January 11th, 1913
Merville retaken by British forces (see April 11th)
airship raid on England (East Coast and London) involving serious casualties (170, mostly civilian)
British Government issue Order in Council rescinding Declaration of London of 1909
Northern frontier of German East Africa first crossed by British troops
Anglo-French Conference held in Paris to discuss aid to Serbia and Dardanelles expeditions
Ship Licensing Committee formed in Great Britain: Order in Council prohibits voyages between foreign ports except under licence (see February 15th, 1918)
Berat (Albania) taken by Italian forces (see 6th, and February 17th, 1916)
German aeroplanes for the first time raid London by night in force (see 2nd)
Vranje (Serbia) taken by Bulgarian forces (see October 5th, 1918)
Fort Vaux (Verdun) recaptured by French forces (see June 2nd)
Battle of llayat (Armenia)
Re-transfer of French Government from Bordeaux to Paris begins (see September 2nd)
The last Allied forces in Macedonia withdrawn into Greek territory (see 7th, and September 19th, 1916).
Manchu Emperor (Hsuan-Fung) restored in China (see June 6th, 1916, and July 6th and 7th, 1917)
Four squadrons Royal Flying Corps fly from Dover to France
) (See 27th
Lord Kitchener sends to Sherif of Mecca conditional guarantee of Irabian independence (see July 14th, 1915)
Ernst Ritter von Seidler, Austrian Premier, resigns (see June 23rd, 1917)
Attack on Wytsechaete
Cochin succeeded by M
Affairs in the Dakhla Oasis end (see 17th)
Peace signed in Berlin between Finland and Turkey
It was evacuated subsequently without further fighting
Count Clam-Martinitz, Austrian Premier, resigns (see 23rd, and December 21st, 1916)
Battle of Soissonais and Ourcq ends (see July 23rd)
Compulsory Service Bill passed in New Zealand (see September 1st)
Serbian forces begin retreat from the line of the Drina (see November 30th)
Battle of Polygon Wood (Ypres) ends (see September 26th)
General Gallieni appointed French Minister for War (see 29th, and March 16th, 1916)
Russian Bolshevik Government order Entente forces in North Russia to leave the country (see 30th, and May 24th)
Battle of Guillemont (Somme) ends (see 3rd)
United Diets of Baltic Provinces adopt resolution to form themselves into a separate State within the German Erimpire
First action of Qurna ends (see 4th)
Battle of Pilckem Ridge (Ypres) ends (see July 31st)
Tank Corps formed in British Army (see September 15th, 1916)
Battle of Kut, 1915 (Mesopotamia)
Second action of Es Salt (Palestine) begins (see May 4th)
Reconstituted Serbian army comes into action on Salonika front (see April 15th)
Turkish offensive from ()ghratina against the Suez Canal begins (see August 4th)
Turkey severs diplomatic relations with Belgium
Ala es Sultaneh again appointed Persian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (see May 29th and November 24th, 1917, and I January 19th, 1918)
United States cruiser "San Diego" sunk by mine off Fire Island (Atlantic coast)
Russian offensive (" Brusllov's Offensive ") begins4 (see 11th, and August 17th)
Ribot reappointed French Foreign Minister (see 9th, and i October 23rd)
Advanced troops of Indian Expeditionary Force "D" arrive at the Bahrein Islands (Persian Gulf) (see 16th, and November 6th)
United States force enters Fiume (see 17th)
German cruiser "Prinz Adalberb" sunk by British submarine "E.-8" in the Baltic.
Peace Treaty signed at Vienna between Austria-Hungary and Finland
Kharkov (South Russia captured by German forces
Herr von Bethmann-Holweg, German Imperial Chancellor, resigns (appointed July 14th, 1909): succeeded by Dr
Venizelos) asks for guarantee of 150,0X00 British and French troops as condition for Greek intervention (see 24th, and March 5th)
Russian and Japanese Governments conclude treaty with regard to future policy in the Far East
" State of War" commences between Serbia and Turkey
French and Italian forces begin offensive in Albania (see 10th and 22nd)
Second Military Service Bill extending compulsion to married men passes the British House of Commons (see 25th, and February 10th)
General Marushevski appointed Governor-General and Conuander in-Chief of Russian forces in North Russia (Archangel) (see June 30th)
Bulgaria and Serbia declare war on one another (see 4th and 11th)
Albert, Chaulnes, and Roye taken by German forces (see March 17th, 1917, and August 22nd and 27th, 1918)
French cruiser "Kltber" sunk by submarine off Brest
The Tsar supersedes the Grand Duke Nicholas in supreme command of the Russian Armies with General Alexeiev as Chief of Staff* (see 8th, August 3rd, 1914, and March 15th and June 4th, 1917)
Handeni (German East Africa) occupied by British forces
"Hermes" sunk by German submarine in Straits of Dover
First meeting of "Imperial Conference" of Soldiers and Workmen in Berlin
Bratianu appointed Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister (see 12th)
Sir William Birdwood to command Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (see 25th, and October 15th, 17th, and 28th)
Third Battle of the Searpe, 1917 (Arras), begins (see 4th, and April 23rd)
German forces enter the Crimea
Battle of Chyrow (Galicia) begins (see November 2nd)
Allied Armies begin march into Germany
French and British forces land at Salonika (see 3rd)
Hamadan (West Persia) evacuated by the Russian regular forces (see March 2nd, 1917)
Allied Spring Offensive begins:- Battle of Aubers Ridge
Action of Mkaramo (on Northern Railway in German East Africa)
and November 2nd and 5th)
French Offensive stopped (see 16th): Battles of the Aisne and of The Hills" end (see 16th and 17th)
Battle of the Aisne, 1918, ends (see May 27th)
Last airship raid over England in which casualties were inflicted (27) (see January 19th, 1915, and August 5th, 1918)
Roger Casement lands in Ireland from a German submarine and is arrested (see 24th, and August 3rd)
End of First siege (see September 24th and November 10th)
Convoys outward from Great Britain did not start till August
Mwanza, on Victoria Nyanza (German East Africa) taken by British forces
Tonisson that they are prepared provisionally to recognise the independence of Estonia until the future status of Estonia is settled by the Peace Congress (see January 13th and November 11th)
Attack on Tangs ends
General van Deventer succeeds General Hoskins in command of British forces in East Africa (see January 20th)
First ship sunk by torpedo from British seaplane (Dardanelles)
Battle of Dilman (North Persia)
Battle of Jutland ends (see May 31st)
Battles of Ypresa, 1914, begin (see 31st, and November 22nd)
Strasbourg occupied by French forces
German retreat to the "Hindenburg Line" completed (see March 14th)
Tatar National Council proclaim establishment of a "Republic of Azerbaijan
Sayikamish (Russian Caucasus) occupied by Turkish forces (see January 2nd, 1915)
End of period of German mastery of the air on the Western front (see October 1st, 1915)
First contingents of COnadian and Newfoundland Expeditionary Forces leave for England (see 15th)
Yugo-Slav conference at Geneva decide to form a joint Yugo-Slav
Hostilities resumed by German armies (see 10th and 19th)
Van (Armenia) evacuated by the Russian forces (see 5th, and May 19th)
Battles of Ypres, 1918, begin (see November 22nd, 1914, and May 25th, 1915)
Agreement signed at London for transfer of British and German wounded and sick prisoners of war to Switzerland (see April 26th, 1916, and July 2nd and September 11th, 1917)
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force "D" leave India for the Persian Gulf (see 23rd)
Metz occupied by French forces
Agreement signed at Peking between China and Japan for military co-operation against German and Bolshevik aggression (see 19th)
Paris first shelled by long-range gun (from Cr4py-en-Valois, 75 miles ﻿
Action of Kahe (East Afr:ca) brings the Kilimanjaro operations to and end (see 5th)
Battle of Lake Naroch (White Russia) begins (see April 30th)
Grey) initiates proposals for an
Trieste occupied by Italian forces
Supilo that, provided Serbia agreed, the Allies could guarantee the eventual freedom and self-determination of Bosnia, Herzegovina, South Dalmatia, Slavonia, and Croatia (see 15th, and May 7th)
British Government make declaration to King of the Hejaz te- affirming their pledges as to freeing the Arab peoples (see October 24th, 1915, December 15th, 1916, December 17th, 1917
British troops cross the Rhine at Cologne (see 6th)
United States Congress pass Bill for raising 500,000 men (see 6th, and May 18th)
Borden, Canada) for the first time attends meeting of the British Cabinet (see April 14th)
First Indian units of Indian Expeditionary Force "G "(formed from Force" E ") sail from Egypt for the Dardanelles (see December 31st)
Baron Burian succeeds Count C'zernin as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see 15th, and October 25th)
"Russell" sunk by mine in the Mediterranean
Ostend and Zeebrugge evacuated by Belgian forces (see 6th and 15th)
German cruiser "Knigsberg," with German naval delegates, enters Firth of Forth to arrange surrender of the German fleet (see 20th and 21st)
Allied troops arrive at Salonika: Greek Government protest against a landing (see 2nd, 5th and 6th)
) M
Erzerum retaken by Turkish forces (see February 16th, 1916)
Germany declares war on Portugal (see February 23rd)
Luideritzbucht (German South-West Africa) occupied by South African forces
Revolutions in Vienna and Budapest (see November 1st, 12th and 16th)
British Foreign Minister (Sir E. Grey) gives conditional guarantee to Serbian Minister of eventual cession of Bosnia and Herzegovina with "wide access to the Adriatic" (see August 15th and 30th)
British and United States troops cross the German frontier (see November 24th)
Battle of the Hills (Champagne) begins (see 20th)
British advance up the Euphrates begins (see July 25th)
"Manica
United States Government send note to German Government on "Sussex" case (see March 24th) and submarine policy in general (see February 10th)
Menin occupied by German forces (see October 15th, 1918)
Prince Max becomes Regent
Anglo-French Conference assembles at Calais to discuss operations, the co-operation of the armies and the co-ordination of opera- tions by the French Commander-in-Chief (continued on 27th) (see March 12th)
Pernau, Reval, and Pskov taken by German forces (see 18th)
The nucleus of a British air squadron formed to bomb German , industrial centres (see June 5th, 1918)
Battle of the Aisne, t914, begins (see 15th)
Kirkuk (Mesopotamia) again tsken by British forces (see May 24th)
Battle of Sari Bair ends (see 6th and 9th)
Mohtashem ed Douleh appointed Persian Foreign Minister (see 26th, and March 5th, 1916)
Negotiations again suspended on Russian front
British hospital ship "Rewa" sunk by submarine in Bristol Channel
First neutral ship actually sunk by German submarine (see 25th and 28th, and February 19th)
German airship raid on England (east coast). Airship "L.-15" brought down by gunfire near mouth of the Thames.
Termonde (Belgium) taken by German forces
United States of America sever diplomatic relations with Germany (see April 6th)
Turkish forces retreat into Sinai
Third German destroyer raid in Straits of D)over (night 15th/6lth) (see April 20th, 1917)
First Battle of Doiran ends (second phase 8th/9th) (see April 24th, 1917, and September 18th, 1918).
German retreat from the Marne begins (see 6th)
Battle of Courtrai begins (see 19th)
Pelagosa Island, in Adriatic, occupied by Italian forces
General Tighe succeeds General Wapshare *n command of British Forces in East Africa (see December 4th, 1914, and February 19th, 1916)
Karind (West Persia) occupied by Russian forces
P1eronne and Noyon occupied by Allied forces (see September 21st, 24th, and 25th, 1914
Valona formally occupied by Italian forces (see December 26th, 1914)
Venizelos resigns office as Premier (see 9th, and August 22nd) (date of appointment October 19th, 1910)
Council of Austro-Hungarian Ministers finally determine on action against Serbia
"Surada" and "Murcia ") sunk by submarine (in the Mediterranean)
Austro-Hungarian and German Governments issue Note repudiating responsibility for continuance of war, and declaring that they will prosecute the war to successful end (see December 12th and 80th, 1916, and September 15th, 1918)
Central Powers recognise the Ukraine Republic (sec 9th, and November 20th, 1917)
Last German forces in South Cameroons cross border into Spanish territory for internment (see 18th)
German Government agree to observe "Declaration of London" if other belligerents conform thereto, and issue their list of contraband
Elbasan (Albania) taken by Italian forces (see February 2nd, 1916)
German South-West Africa capitulates to General Botha (see September 19th, 1914)
Russian Imperial ukase issued granting municipal self-government to Russian Poland (see August 14th, 1914, and November 5th, 1916)
Armistice signed at Brest-Litovsk between Russian Bolshevik Government and Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey, to begin at noon December 17th, and terminate January 14th, 1918 (see 13th and 22nd)
Action of Mushaidiya (Mesopotamia)
Treaty signed between China and Japan concerning South Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (see 7th and 9th)
Lemnos (Egean) occupied by British marines (see March 7th)
Admiral Souchon (Imperial German navy) assumes control of Turkish navy
Fiume surrendered to the Croats by the Hungarian authorities
Ain ed Douleh, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see 18th, and April 27th)
Campaign of the Sudan forces in Darfur comes to an end (see March 1st)
German cruiser "Breslau" and British monitor "Raglan" sunk
French cruiser "Amiral Charner" sunk by submarine off Syrian coast
Franco-British Agreement defining provisional zones in Togoland concluded (see 26th, and December 27th, 1916)
Quentin retaken by French forces (see September 27th)
Armistice (" Truce of Foosani ") signed between Rumania and Central Powers (see 6th, and November 10th, 1918)
German destroyer raid on Margate and Broadstairs (see March 18th)
Russian Expeditionary Force to West Persia lands at Enzeli (see February 17th, 1918)
British Government extend prohibition of "trading with the enemy" to territories in British, enemy, or friendly occupation
Fort Douaumont (Yerdan) stormed by German forces (25th/26th) (see 21st)
Australian Expeditionary Force lands on the Bismarck Archipelago (German New Guinea)
President Wilson replies to German Note of the 20th, and agrees to submit the matter to the Allied and Associated Governments (see 27th, and November 3rd)
Belgian coast completely reoccupied by Allied forces (see October 15th, 1914)
British Government decide to initiate Imperial Conference (see March 20th, 1917)
Russian Bolshevik Government and French and Swedish Govern- ments recognise the independence of Finland (see 10th, and December 6th, 1917)
Lille occupied by German cavalry (see September 5th)
Baron Goto, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, resigns (see 29th, and April 22nd)
German airship "L.Z.37" destroyed in mid-air by Lieut. Warneford, R.N.A.S., near Ghent (first occasion of airship success- fully attacked by aeroplane)
Battle of Neuve Chapelle ends (see 10th)
Battle of Cambrai, 1917, ends (see November 20th, 1917, and October 8th, 1918).
Shavli evacuated by German forces (see April 30th)
Actions on the Suez Canal begin (see 4th)
British Admiralty warn British merchant vessels to fly neutral or no ensigns in vicinity of British Isles (see February 6th, 7th and 11th)
Naval operations off Duala (Cameroons) begin, in preparation for attack by Allied military forces (see 27th)
German Government reply to President Wilson's Note and accept conditions (see 8th and 14th)
Reorganisation of French Government
Second air raid on England (see 21st)
Baron Beyens succeeds M
Douai occupied by German forces (see October 17th, 1918)
Battle of the Dobropolje ends (see 15th)
Arthur Balfour appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain (see 27th, and December 11th, 1916)
Venizelos) proffers Greek fleet and troops to Entente for operations at the Dardanelles (see 6th, and February 15th and September 21st)
Lebrun succeeds M
Field-Marshal Earl Kitchener succeeds Mr
"Cornwallis" sunk by submarine in Mediterranean
The Kaiser returns from the Baltic to Berlin (see 5th)
British Government offer Greek Government concessions in Asia Minor in return for help to Serbia (see 25th and 29th, April 12th, 1915, and December 5th, 1914)
End of the Retreat from Mons (see August 24th, 1914, and November 11th, 1918)
Remnants of Montenegrin army lnd at Corfu (see 13th)
German conquest of the Baltic Islands completed (see 11th, 12th and 18th)
"Speedy" sunk by mine off the Humber
Battle of the Beaurevoir Line ends (see 3rd)
Lloyd George succeeds Mr
"Partridge" (see October 17th)
Russian offensive towards Erzerum begins (see February 12th)
Battle of the Mortagne (Vosges) begins (see September 3rd)
Obozerskaya (North Russia) occupied by Allied forces (see August 2nd)
"Triumph" sunk by submarine off the Dardanelles
Muavin ed Douleh succeeds Ala es Sultaneh as Persian Foreign Minister (see August 19th, 1914, and April 26th, 1915)
8Oth
Existence of secret agreement for mutual support between Italy and Rumania announced by respective Governments
Stuirmer appointed successor (see July 22nd and November 24th)
Fist Battle of Lemberg (Galicia) ends (see 26th, an4 September 3rd)
Count Hertling, German Imperial Chancellor, resigns (see October 30th, 1917, and October 4th, 1918)
First German daylight aeroplane raid on London (by single aeroplane) (see I)ecember 21st, 1914, and May 7th, June 13th and July 7th, 1917)
The German air forces established as a separate branch of the German army
Truce between Russia and Central Powers comes into operation officially (see 2nd and 6th)
Last units of Indian Expeditionary Force "G" leave the Dardanelles to amalgamate with Indian Expeditionary Force "E" in Egypt (see April 7th)
Draft rules approved for Inter-Allied Council of War (see November 17th)
Austrian Armies in Serbia retreat (see 17th)
Lord Fisher, First Sea Lord, Great Britain, tenders his resignation (see 28th, and October 30th, 1914)
Entente Governments suggest to Greek Government that Greece should intervene in support of Serbia, and promise military sup- port at Salonika (see January 29th and March 5th)
Lenin and M
Battle of the Selle begins (see 25th)
Moratorium proclaimed in Great Britain (see November 4)
(See November 9th
Greek Government issue warrant for arrest of M
London Stock Exchange reopens (see July 81st, 1914)
United States Government make informal protest to British Govern- ment regarding their "Black List" policy (see December 23rd, 1915, and July 28th, 1916)
British Marines landed at Ostend, accompanied by R
Battle of the Canal du Nord begins (see October 1st)
Entente Governments demand dismissal of Ministers of Central Powers at Athens and surrender of Greek military material (see December 1st)
Austro-Hungarian Government accept Bolshevik proposals to negotiate for an armistice and peace (see 21st, and December 3rd)
Battle of the Tser and the Jadar (Serbia) begins (see 13th and 21st)
Second Battle of Artois begins (see June 18th)
Frye" sunk by German armed merchant cruiser "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" (see August 6th, 1914, and April 8th, 1915)
Udine (Venetia) captured by Austro-German forces (see 24th)
(Appointed December 11th, 1905
British defence of Givenchy, 1914 (20th/21st)
Serbian Government transferred to Brindisi (see December 3rd, 1915, and February 9th, 1916)
Louvain sacked by German troops
British evacuation of Baku begins (see 15th, and August 26th)
"Falmouth" and "Nottingham" sunk by submarine
Libau (Baltic) bombarded by German squadron (see August 2nd)
Armistice pourparlers begun by Russian Bolshevik Government with Central Powers (see 8th, 27th and 30th)
French Government issue first list of contraband (see 25th and November 6th)
British Government order partial relaxation of economic pressure on Greece (see 6th)
Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
Vossuq ed Douleh appointed Persian Prime Minister (see 3rd, and May 29th, 1917)
Squadron
Action of Nyangao (German East Africa) begins (see 19th)
Austro- H'ngarian Minister leaves Belgrade (see 26th)
Asquith, British Premier, resigns (appointed April 8th, 1908' (see 7th)
Seventh Battle of the Isonzo ends (see 14th)
Mount Lovehen (Montenegro) taken by Austrian forces
Battle of Hill 70 (Lens) begins (see 25th)
Namur captured by German forces (see 21st, and November 21st, 1918
Second Battles of the Somme, 1918, end (see August 21st)
Russian battleship "lmperatritsa Mariya" destroyed by internal explosion at Sevastopol
Advance of main body of British force in East Africa through the Nguru Hills begins (see 11th)
Memel (East Prussia) occupied by Russian forces (see February 17th, 1915)
Kerenski flees from Petrogra(l (see 13th)
Serbian Government and military headquarters set up at Scutari (Shkodra) (see November 23rd, 1915, and January 15th, 1916)
Two German airships pass over Brussels by night (first hostile act in the air)
Mulhouse (Alsace) occupied by French forces (see 7th and 11th)
t British
Battle of Kara Urgan ends (see 8th)
Second German naval raid on Lowestoft (see April 25th)
Mackensen's army effects passage of the Danube at Islaz and Simnitza
Battle of Guillemont (Somme) begins (see 6th)
Austrian forces routed by the Serbians and driven northwards (see 3rd)
Death of Pope Pius X (see September 3rd)
German and Russian Bolshevik Governments conclude comple- mentary treaty of peace (see March 3rd)
Battle of the Ancre Heights (Somme) begins (see November 11th)
Inception of Supreme War Council (see 27th)
British Government conclude preliminary agreement with the Netherlands Overseas Trust for rationing of Holland (see June 3rd, 1915, and June 30th, 1916)
German Government send ultimatum to Belgium demanding passage through Belgian territory (see 3rd, and July 24th)
Sir L
Veles taken by Bulgarian forces (see Septemer 25th, 1918)
British advance into Sinai begins (see December 21st)
Iringa (German East Africa) taken by British forces
"Bulwark" destroyed by internal explosion in Sheerness harbour
"" Dresden" and "Leipzig" joined on October 12th and 14th respectively
British War Office send out telegrams ordering "Precautionary Period" (2:10 pm).
Siberian Council declare Independence (see 6th)
German airship "L.-23" destroyed in North Sea.
Hostilities commence between Bulgarian and Serbian forces (see 14th)
British hospital ship "Galeka" totally wrecked by mine off Havre
Rumanian Government conclude agreement with Entente Powers regarding intervention (see 27th, and January 22nd)
Second Russian invasion of North Hungary begins (see October 8th and December 12th)
German Government recall from United States attaches Von Papen and Boy-Ed (see 4th, and January 15th, 1916)
Battle of Amiens begins (see 11th)
Last attempt to attack England with airships (unsuccessful - "L.-70" destroyed) (see January 19th, 1915, and April 12th and July 20th, 1918).
Signor Boselli appointed Italian Prime Minister (see 11th, and October 25th, 1917)
Battle of Gheluvelt ends (see 29th)
First Battle of Passchendaele (Ypres) (see 26th)
Third Allied attack on Mora abandoned (see October 30th)
Battle of the Plave begins (see 24th)
Aeroplane co-operation with tanks instituted by the British Air Force
Kerenski definitely appointed Prime Minister of Russia (see July 19th, September 10th, and November 8th)
Eighth Battle of the Isonzo ends (see 9th)
by British forces
Przemysl again isolated by Russian forces (see October 9th)
Monastir (Serbia) taken by Bulgarian forces (see November 19th, 1916)
Battle of Messlnes, 1917, ends (see 7th
Fbre-en-Tardenois retaken by Allied forces (see May 30th)
Sheriff of Mecca Issues proclamation denouncing the Committee of Union and Progress and proclaiming the Independence of the Hejaz (see 5th, and October 29th)
(Bukovina) reoccupied by Russian forces (see 22nd, and February 17th, 1915)
British Independent Air Force in France constituted under tactical (onunand of Major-General Sir II
German raid by fourteen airships (greatest number to attack simultaneously) on London and other parts of England. Airship "S.L.-11" destroyed by aeroplane at Cuffley (night 2nd/3rd).
General Wapshare succeeds General Aitken in command of the British forces in East Africa: latter recalled (see October 31st and November 5th, 1914, and April 16th, 1915)
Siam declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
Battles of Morval and Thiepval Ridge end (see 25th and 26th)
Russian hospital ship "Vpered" sunk by submarine in the Black Sea
Russian forces cross frontier of Turkey-in-Asia and seize Azap
Total 290, over half civilians (see December 21st, 1914, and July 20th and August 5th, 1918)
British Government protest against "Sand and Gravel Agreement" between Germany and The Netherlands (see May 2nd)
June 1st: see Part II for ships sunk)
Ribot, French Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns (see 12th, and March 20th)
Ishtip (Serbia) taken by Bulgarian forces (see September 25th, 1918)
Poole lands at Murmansk to organise the North Russia Expeditionary Force (see June 4th, 8th and 23rd)
Germany declares war on Rqmani (see 27th)
Royal Flying Corp)s and Royal Naval Air Services of Great Britain amalgamated and established a separate service as the Royal Air Force
Netherlands Overseas Trust formed (see June 3rd, 1915)
Conscription Bill carried in Canadian House of Commons (see October 12th)
Pinsk taken by German forces
Greek Government order general demobilisation (see 21st)
"Good Hope" and "Mon- I mouth'" sunk by Admiral von Spee's Squadron (see September 22nd and December 8th)
Murman Soviet (Sovdep) decide to support the Entente against the Bolshevik Government (see 8th, and July 7th and November 20th)
Italian troops reinforce naval detachment in Fiume (see 5th and 17th)
Battle of Loos ends (see September 25th)
Final Austro-German invasion of Serbia begins (see December 15th, 1914)
First contingent of United States troops arrives in France (see May 19th)
Brest-Litovsk (Poland) taken by German forces (25th/26th)
"Brusilov's Offensive" continued (see 4th)
British hospital ship "Rohilla" wrecked off Whitby
The Bessarabian National Council abrogate the stipulations for local autonomy and declare the unconditional union of Bessarabia with Rumania (see 1st, and April 9th)
Kasvin (West Persia) occupied by a Russian force
Tiflis (Georgia) occupied by a German force (see 8th, and December 27th)
Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, resigns (see 17th, and December 22nd, 1916)
"Nusa" near Talassia (Neu Pommern)
Martial law proclaimed in Dublin and the county (see 24th)
Hostilities in East Africa cease
Beginning of period in which the Germans obtained mastery in the air on the Western front (due to the Fokker machine) (see April 1st, 1916)
Field-Marshal Lord French appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (see December 15th, 1915)
Hit (on the Euphrates) occupied by British forces
Tsingtau capitulates to Japanese forces (see September 2nd and 23rd, 1914, and August 6th, 1915)
Entente Governments present demand to Greek Government for abdication of King Constantine (see 12th, and May 28th)
Turkish offensive into West Persia begins: Khanaqin evacuated by Russian forces (see May 15th)
Wolfe Murray appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Great Britain (see 25th, and September 25th, 1915)
Brazil severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see October 26th)
Trebizond (Asia Minor) taken by Russian forces (see 6th, and February 24th, 1918)
General Foch appointed to command Allied forces (less Belgians) Second British air raid on Germany (Dflsseldorf and Cologne airship sheds attacked) (see September 22nd)
Sir Edward Carson, First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain, tenders his resignation (see December 12th, 1916, and September 6th, 1917)
Allied Autumn Offensive begins:- Battle of Loos begins (see October 8th)
Guatemala declares war on Germany (see April 27th, 1917)
s Bulk of position was captured on May 23rd, and this date marks the limit of the German advance on Verdun
) (See August 15th
United States Government announce decision to send a Division of the United States Army to France at once (see June 25th)
French cruiser" Leon Gambetta" sunk by Austrian submarine in Straits of Otranto
United States Government send Note to British Government protesting against search of mails
British Government notify Russian Government of their recognition of Franco-Russian "Sykes-Picot" agreement as to eventual partition of Asia Minor (see April 26th, May 9th, and September 1st)
British hospital ship ' Gloucester Castle "torpedoed between Havre and Southampton, but towed in
Last German night aeroplane raid on London in which casualties were inflicted
First Battle of Arras, 1918 (see August 20th)
First regular convoy of merchant ships sails from Hampton Roads (Va
Battle of YIlna begins (see October 2nd)
Great Britain and Turkey commence hostilities (see 5th, and October 30th and 31st)
Battle of the Yardar (Macedonia) begins (see 22nd)
Bukoba, on Victoria Nyanza (German East Africa), captured by British forces (22ndj23rd)
British Secretary for the Colonies (Mr
German airship "L.Z.-85" brought down by British gunfire at Salonika.
Zeebrugge and Ostend occupied by German forces (see 12th, and October 17th and 19th, 1918)
(contd
Italian naval raid on Pola Harbour
(uentin (21st/23rd) (see November 18th, 1916, and April 5th, 1918)
Mutiny breaks out in the Russian Black Sea Fleet at Svastopol (see March 16th, 1917, and May 1st, 1918)
Baron von Flotow succeeds Count Andrassy (provisionally) as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see October 25th, and entiy next above)
German naval attack on Riga discontinued (see 8th)
Lieut.-General Sir L.E. Kiggell, Chief of the General Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France, resigns (see 24th, and December 22nd, 1915).
Deputation from the National Council of The Bukovina arrives at Jassy to inform Rumanian Government that National Council has voted for union with Rumania (see 1st, 10th, and November 28th)
First Battle of 1)oiran begin: (first phase 24th/25th) (see May 9th)
Lahej (South Arabia) taken by Turkish forces (4th/Sth)
Battle of Hazebrouek ends (see 12th)
Laying of Belgian coast barrage commenced by British navy
Russian cruiser "Pallada" sunk by German submarine off Hango
Allied fleet passes through the Dardanelles (see 18th, and October 30th).
])umba, Austro-Ilungarian Ambassador, recalled from United States of America (see 9th)
Part of Russian Black Sea Fleet seized by the Germans (see June 21st, 1917, and June 18th and November 26th, 1918)
Peace signed at Berlin between Germany and Finland
Meshed (Persia) occupied by troops of British East Persia Cordon
Serbian forces in Svrmia withdrawn
Yugo-Slav National Council at Agramrn repudiate Imperial policy and and November 7th and 23rd)
Julien (Ypres) ends (see April 24th)
Entente Governments make conditional offer of territorial acquisi- tions to Serbia (see 30th, and May 7th)
Russian Constituent Assembly again forcibly dissolved by Bolsheviki (see 18th, and December 13th, 1917)
Narva (Estonia) captured by Bolshevik forces (see March 4th)
Admiral Sims, United States Navy, arrives in England (see June 18th)
Chagas as Portuguese Premier (see May 15th and November 29th)
Memel (East Prussia) reoccupied by German forces (see 18th)
Count Mirbach appointed German Ambassador at Moscow (see July 6th)
Second attack on Sanna-i-Yat (see 6th and 22nd)
Units of British 7th Division disembark at Ostend and Zeebrugge to co-operate with Belgian army (see 12th)
Alexandretta (Syria) occupied by Entente naval forces
"Dede Agatch Agreement" concluded between Turkey and Bul- garia rectifying Turkish frontier In favour of Bulgaria
Battle of Kut, t9t17, ends
Wilson appointed Chief of the British Imperial General Staff (see 18th)
Ministry of Blockade formed in Great Britain
Second Battle of Lemberg ends (see 8th)
Machado Guimarses elected Portuguese President (see October 5th, 1915, and December 11th, 1917)
Allied Forces effect landing at the Dardanelles (25th j26th)
Air Board formed in Great Britain (see January 3rd, 1918)
Action by H.M.S. "Undaunted" and destroyers with four German destroyers off Dutch coast: latter all sunk.
Belgian Government reinstated at Brussels (see 18th, and August 17th, 1914)
British offensive into Palestine begins (see 26th)
Dutch Government issue warning that foreign merchant ships using D)utch flag will be detained (see January 30th and February 11th)
General Polivanov, Russian Minister for War, resigns, and is succeeded by General Shuvaev (see June 26th, 1915, and January 17th, 1917)
Noyon retaken by German forces (see 21st, and March 18th, 1917
First Battle of Artois begins (see October 12th)
Mosul occupied by British forces (see October 23rd)
Wejh (Arabia) captured by Arab forces
Affair of Tsavo (East Africa)
Professor Lambros, Greek Premier, resigns and is succeeded by M
Italian cruiser "Giuseppe Garibaldi" sunk by Austrian submarine in the Adriatic
Entente Governments make offer to Greece of Smyrna and hinter- land in return for immediate action against Turkey (see 14th, and January 24th)
Three Irish rebel leaders executed (see 1st)
I Mutiny breaks out in Russian Baltic Fleet (see 12th, and June 21st)
First case of "indicator" nets aiding in the destruction of a German submarine ("U.-8," in Straights of Dover).
Sollum (Western Egypt) reoccupied by British forces (see November 23rd, 1915)
Noyon retaken by French forces (see 25th, and August 28th)
Austrian battleship "Viribus Unitis" sunk in Pola harbour
Last Turkish troops in Sinai recross the frontier (see January 26th, 1915)
General Dunsterville's Mission leaves Baghdad for North-West Persia (see February 17th).
Entente Powers make declaration guaranteeing to Belgium eventual independence and indemn!
Action by the "Swift" and "Broke" (see October 26th, 1916, and February 15th, 1918)
German and Austro-Hungarian Governments send Notes to President Wilson proposing an armistice (see 8th and 18th)
Action of Gully Ravine ends (see June 28th)
" Medea "captured by German submarine and stink
Funchal (Madeira) shelled by German submarine (see December 3rd, 1916)
The Kaiser crossees the frontier into Holland (see 9th and 28th)
Baghdad occupied by British forces (see February 25th)
Battle of Festubert ends (see 15th)
"Belridge" torpedoed, but reaches port
Negotiations again resumed between Russian Bolshevik Government and Central Powers: hostilities nominally cease (see 18th, 19th, and March 3rd)
Bitlis (Armenia) taken by Russian forces (see August 15th)
Battle of the Aisne, 1914, ends (see 12th)
Austro-Hungarian Government submit further Note to President Wilson asking for immediate armistice "without awaiting the result of other negotiations ") (see 4th and 18th)
Latvia declares independence (see November 11th)
German airship "Z.-5" brought down by gunfire at Mlawa (Poland).
Lieut.-General Kenichi Oshima, Japanese Minister for War, resigns (see 30th, and March 30th, 1916).
Second Battle of Artois ends (see May 9th and September 25th)
Monfalcone (Isonzo) taken by Italian forces
General Sir John Nixon appointed Commander-in-Chief British Forces in Mesopotamia (see April 9th)
French Government lodge claim with British Government to Syria and Cilicia (see April 26th, 1916)
Negotiations suspended (see 3rd and 13th)
German armistice delegates reach Allied General Headquarters (see i 11th, and October 23rd)
British Government give pledge in House of Comnons that the restitution of Alsace-Lorraine is an object of the war (see November 15th)
General da Castro, Portuguese Premier, resigns (see 15th, and January 25th)
1st Canadian Division crosses from England to France (9th/lth) (see October 15th, 1914)
First units of Indian Expeditionary Force" A "arrive at Suez (see 19th )
Menin captured by Allied forces (see October 9th, 1914)
Ivangorod taken by Austro-German forces (see July 21st)
I 4th
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo ends (see October 24th)
Scutari (Albania) occupied by Austrian forces (see October 31st, 1918)
British cavalry cut Hejaz railway at Amman
Second action of Qurna (Mesopotamia)
t Not to be confused with first division of the New Armies, for which see May 9th
First meeting of Great Inter-Allied Conference opens in Paris
Force landed September 22nd
Battle of the Sambre
General Hoskins succeeds General Smuts in command of British forces, East Africa (see February 19th, 1916, and May 30th, 1917)
British Government definitely decide to make naval attack on the Dardanelles (see 13th)
Major-General Tighe succeeded by Lieut
British, French, and Russian Governments sign the "Pact of London
Irish mail boat "Leinster" sunk by submarine
Lloyd George's Coalition Ministry formed in Great Britain (see 7th, and May 25th, 1915)
German light cruiser Emden bombards Madras (see 10th, and October 28th).