German Foreign Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, sends a secret telegram to the German minister in Mexico telling him to offer German support to the Mexicans if they were to attack the United States
type: E5 Event
description: The telegram is intercepted by British naval intelligence.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4a52ce63

Nancy Astor becomes the first woman to take up her seat as an MP in the House of Commons
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/11ede8c7

Battle of Aubers Ridge
type: E5 Event
description: To support French operations in Artois, British troops attack in French Flanders but achieve no real gains. Battle continues until 10 May.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3baf94c8

Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck ends his long campaign in German East Africa and surrenders undefeated
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/712b9b2f

Germany promises to support Austria-Hungary in its confrontation with Serbia over the assassination
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f9652a82

Serbia defeated by combined armies of Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
type: E5 Event
description: Serbian troops forced to retreat through Albania to the Adriatic coast.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9d779bdb

Bolshevik demonstrations begin in Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/73406667

Battle of Tannenberg
type: E5 Event
description: German armies in East Prussia defeat Russian forces. Battle lasts until 30 August.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/442f1cd5
different from: Battle of Tannenberg (1914)

Third Military Service Act passed by the British parliament increasing eligibility for armed service to those aged up to 51 and men living in Ireland
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5d2cc1d4

Battle of the Masurian Lakes
type: E5 Event
description: German armies in East Prussia defeat Russian forces. Battle lasts until 15 September.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/53f44fc3

Known as the 'Race to the Sea', the German, French and British armies move north from the Aisne and try to outflank each other
type: E5 Event
description: Continues to 16 October when the lines reach the Belgian coast.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d554075c

Battle of the Marne
type: E5 Event
description: French forces, with British support, stop the German advance through northern France only a short distance from Paris and launch a counter-attack. Battle continues until 10 September.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/946f47c2

Britain, France, Russia, Japan and Italy jointly renew the Pact of London
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5b0c30a7

Peace Day
type: E5 Event
description: Victory parade held in London. Temporary Cenotaph built to represent the dead.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5edd1d04

British troops stationed in the Punjab in northern India kill 379 civilians and wound 1,200 more at Amritsar during protests calling for self-government in India
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d49b013f

General Robert Nivelle replaced in command of the French armies by General Phillipe Pétain
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3d7dd2d5

100,000 British men already recruited by Kitchener
type: E5 Event
description: Immediate calls follow for a second hundred thousand.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/568bc1de

British government approves the creation of a National War Museum in London (changed to the Imperial War Museum in December, to reflect the efforts of people from across the Empire)
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/cc5ac237

European war becomes global when Japan declares war on Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/367cfde9

Battle of Bazentin Ridge
type: E5 Event
description: On the Somme, the British launch a dawn attack that captures the villages of Bazentin and Longueval. British and Indian cavalry make a short-lived charge towards High Wood.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/bbe93401

Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia to accept its terms or face recrimination
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/48e95d89

Largest and final German aeroplane raid on London, involving 33 aircraft
type: E5 Event
description: 49 people are killed and 177 wounded.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8b01f8e5

British forces take Dar es Salaam in German East Africa
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/ad9139ad

Following their advance through the former Allied lines, the Germans use a long range railway gun to shell Paris
type: E5 Event
description: Continues to 15 August.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/b65a2429

Germans launch strong counter-attacks at Cambrai and recapture almost all the ground they had lost
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/ce06dab8

Belgium refuses Germany permission to cross its territory to reach France and asserts its neutrality under international treaty
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3115e041

Increasing numbers of women start to be employed in British munitions factories
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e1608ba8

Germany declares war on Belgium and invades the country
type: E5 Event
description: Over 1 million refugees flee the country over the coming weeks, mostly to the Netherlands but also to France and Britain.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/14934651

First contingent of US troops arrives in France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/14d57362

Warren Harding elected as the 29th President of the United States in a landslide victory
type: E5 Event
description: Advocates a 'return to normalcy' following the the war, leading the USA to a position of isolationism.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/924c4f31

Battle of Vittorio Veneto
type: E5 Event
description: Italians launch a strong offensive in the north-east along the River Piave, against the Austro-Hungarian line which begins to collapse.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/da57488c

Royal Navy ships launch a raid against Zeebrugge and Ostend, aimed at blocking the exits from the inland German submarine bases
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/b42661e8

First German aircraft raid on British south coast towns
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eebb16c6

Austro-Hungarian forces begin their first invasion of Serbia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/95843cc4

Second Battle of Passchendaele
type: E5 Event
description: British and Canadian troops begin the final assault on the village.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/51ef5f2b

Elements of the German High Seas Fleet surrender off Rosyth
type: E5 Event
description: 39 German submarines surrender at Harwich.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2ef0064f

American President Woodrow Wilson announces '14 Points' that he believes could form the basis for a peace agreement
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/c795288a

Conscription begins in Britain when the Military Service Act comes into effect
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/da5ab04b

First daylight aeroplane raid on Britain by German Gotha bombers
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/65e67682

Battles of the Hindenburg Line
type: E5 Event
description: Allied troops begin attacks on the outer defences of the strong German Hindenburg Line in France.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/154ec043

Battle of the St Quentin Canal
type: E5 Event
description: Allied troops successfully break through the Hindenburg Line. Fighting continues until 2 October.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a96bbfc7

Germany begins a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d133235f

Austro-Hungarians launch an attack against Italian troops on the Asiago front in the Italian alpine region of Trentino, advancing up to 19 km(12 miles)
type: E5 Event
description: Continues until 10 June.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/56f15cd4

Daylight Gotha bomber raid on London kills 57 people
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9f534111

At Verdun, only 5km (three miles) from the city, the Germans suspend their attacks in order to move troops to the Somme
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3f6384db

Treaty of Saint-Germain signed between the Allies and Austria
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/06f3afea

Germany announces its first sustained U-boat (submarine) campaign against merchant and passenger ships approaching Britain
type: E5 Event
description: Ships will be sunk without warning, including neutral vessels. Continues until September.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/30dd3208

Three British cruisers, HMS Aboukir, Hogue and Cressy sunk by a German submarine off the German coast
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/acc3f2c6

Second Russian Revolution
type: E5 Event
description: Bolsheviks, led by Lenin and Trotsky, seize power and overthrow the Provisional Government
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/18cd0bc2

British ships blockading the Dardanelles bombard the Turkish forts guarding the entrance to the Straits
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/45d72c0f

Action of the Dogger Bank
type: E5 Event
description: Encounter between British and German battlecruisers in the North Sea.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f08943e4

General Joseph Joffre replaced in command of the French armies by General Robert Nivelle
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6a407d26

Newly formed Soviet Red Army goes into action against the Germans for the first time
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/78058373

Serbian troops recapture Belgrade
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/551a6849

Peace celebrations held in Paris
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6e597030

Kut al Amara recaptured as part of a new British offensive in Mesopotamia aimed at reaching Baghdad
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5c7ac8ac

USA breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany as a result of the resumed submarine campaign
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/21f61aac

First Battle of Gaza
type: E5 Event
description: British forces from Egypt led by General Sir Archibald Murray nearly break through Turkish lines in Palestine but fail to exploit their success.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/015728ae

German troops occupy Brussels, the Belgian capital
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4ca3a23c

Lenin arrives back in Russia by a sealed train allowed to pass through Germany from Switzerland
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d89438ab

http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d1af948a
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7771b2e0
preferred label: In France, General Erich von Falkenhayn is replaced as Chief of the General Staff of the German field armies by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, with General Erich Ludendorff as Chief Quartermaster General

At a conference in Doullens, French General Ferdinand Foch becomes General in Chief of all the Allied armies in France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8c2cd795

Turkish forces cross the Sinai Desert and assault the Suez Canal
type: E5 Event
description: The attack is strongly defeated.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/ecab6c24

At a memorial service in London the permanent Cenotaph is unveiled in Whitehall, and the Unknown Warrior buried in Westminster Abbey
type: E5 Event
description: Together they form the focus for British national commemoration of the dead of the First World War.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7e43411a

Mutiny in the German High Seas Fleet at Wilhelmshaven
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d2b78793

Russians begin a summer offensive against the Germans directed by Alexander Kerensky, war minister in the Provisional Government
type: E5 Event
description: They suffer a series of defeats and setbacks. Fighting continues until 18 July.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5012a811

Meat rationing introduced across Britain
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e7fc2657

Battle of the Ardennes
type: E5 Event
description: Intense fighting as the French attempt to advance into Germany. French driven back after suffering severe losses. Continues until 25 August.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4ca3a23c

Battle of the Falklands
type: E5 Event
description: In the South Atlantic, a reinforced British naval squadron defeats the German East Asiatic Squadron.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/58668482

Belgrade captured by the Austro-Hungarians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/52a0177f

German forces take the Belgian city of Antwerp
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/56f98f60

Treaty of Trianon signed with the Hungarians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0e528cfb

Austria-Hungary launches its third invasion of Serbia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e834af25

Rumania enters the war on the Allied side but is quickly defeated by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/c8078ecc

Herbert Asquith replaced as British Prime Minister by David Lloyd George, who takes over leadership of the wartime coalition
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a5aeca64

The Bolshevik Russian government signs a peace treaty with the Germans and other Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/102c8d64

The London Scottish become the first battalion of British Territorial troops to go into battle at Messines in Belgium
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3003a7f9

General Sir Douglas Haig replaces Field Marshal Sir John French as Commander in Chief of the British Expeditionary Force in France and Belgium
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/db61403f

Battle of Champagne and Argonne
type: E5 Event
description: French and American troops begin a steady push against the Germans along the southern part of the front. Fighting continues until 15 October.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0496f27a

Greek landings in Smyrna (Izmir) develop into a Graeco-Turkish War with increasingly bitter fighting between Turkish and Greek forces
type: E5 Event
description: Continues until 1922.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3e0cc55b

German forces facing the Somme withdraw around 40km (25 miles) to new, strongly prepared defences known to the British as the Hindenburg Line
type: E5 Event
description: The withdrawal continues until 5 April.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/58104193

First landing at Gallipoli
type: E5 Event
description: British, French, Australian and New Zealand troops land on and around the Gallipoli peninsula in support of the naval attack on the Dardanelles. Fighting continues until January 1916.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a940e83b

Co-ordinated Allied offensive in France, with French attacks in the Second Battle of Champagne and Third Battle of Artois, and British attacks at the Battle of Loos
type: E5 Event
description: The fighting at Loos carries on until 4 November.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/56305af4

Battle of Arras
type: E5 Event
description: British forces advance over 5km (3½ miles) on the opening day. The Canadians seize Vimy Ridge. Fighting continues until 4 May with increasingly heavy casualties.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/51d5618c
different from: Battle of Arras (1917)
different from: Battle of Arras (1914)
different from: Battle of Arras (1654)
different from: Battle of Arras (1940)

Coalition government formed by the British Prime Minister Herbert Asquith as tensions rise over his handling of the war
type: E5 Event
description: David Lloyd George, the former Chancellor of the Exchequer, appointed Minister of Munitions to increase the production of weapons and ammunition.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2b0524b9

Third Battle of Ypres begins, popularly known as Passchendaele
type: E5 Event
description: Fighting continues until 10 November.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0838513a

Whitehaven in Cumberland, on Britain's west coast, shelled by a German U-boat
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d4b3e7ec

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/334c353b

General Helmuth von Moltke replaced in command of the German armies in France and Belgium by General Erich von Falkenhayn
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/89f1a03f

Battle of Ctesiphon
type: E5 Event
description: In Mesopotamia, Turkish forces stop the Anglo-Indian advance on Baghdad only 40 km (25 miles) south of the city.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9d779bdb
different from: Battle of Ctesiphon (363)
different from: Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)
different from: Battle of Ctesiphon (198)
different from: Battle of Ctesiphon (165)

Treaty of Versailles signed between the Allied and Associated governments and Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/1a3182c2

Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg replaced as German Chancellor by Georg Michaelis
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8fa02945

Battle of Sarikamish in the Caucasus
type: E5 Event
description: Russian troops initially pushed back by the Turks before the situation is reversed. Battle continues until 2 January 1915.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a38d24ec

German Chancellor, Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, sends a peace note to the Allies offering to open talks in a neutral country
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6a407d26

Major Edward Mannock, Britain's highest rated 'air ace', shot down and killed
type: E5 Event
description: Mannock was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2c048429

Rationing begins in London and the south of Britain
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/bc7f7425

Battle of the Lys
type: E5 Event
description: The Germans launch a second offensive (Operation Georgette) against the British line in Flanders, again capturing much ground. Fighting continues until 29 April.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/cf953edc
different from: Battle of the Lys (1918)
different from: Battle of the Lys (1940)

Serbia orders mobilization of its army
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/271e7e9a

The ships of the German High Seas, interned at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands, are sunk by their own crews
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7ec3d3e8

British Cabinet decide to keep the Cenotaph at its location in Whitehall and replace it with a permanent structure
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/1323fa3a

Principle of League of Nations agreed at Peace conference
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4655487a

Socialist unrest in Germany, known as the Spartacist Revolt
type: E5 Event
description: Continues to 15 January.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f18a0f61

Battle of the Ancre
type: E5 Event
description: Final action on the Somme begins.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/45aafc17

Britain declares war on Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/14934651

Second Battle of Gaza
type: E5 Event
description: British troops in Palestine are heavily defeated by Turkish forces in a renewed attempt to break through.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/fb9828a5

Germans capture Riga on the Baltic coast using their new 'stormtrooper' tactics
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/59235457

German and Austro-Hungarian forces capture the fortress of Brest-Litovsk in Russian Poland
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/b38a02af

An Indian Army force leaves Bombay to secure British interests in the Persian Gulf by landing in Mesopotamia, part of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/21151b60

No-Conscription Fellowship holds its first national meeting in London to resist forcible conscription into the army and support conscientious objectors
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/fbd0b6eb

Second Military Service Act passed by the British parliament, extending conscription to married men
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8cfff68e

Italian retreat from Caporetto ends
type: E5 Event
description: With British and French troops transferred from the Western Front, the Italians manage to establish a new front along the River Piave.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f4386fa6

Battle of Coronel off the coast of Chile
type: E5 Event
description: British squadron of ships defeated by German East Asiatic Squadron.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/aa678e23

US Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles and membership of the League of Nations
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/62df9d4c

Battle of Fromelles
type: E5 Event
description: Australian and British troops suffer heavy casualties in an attack on the German line in French Flanders.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7b29a8f3

First Military Service Act passed by the British parliament making all single men between 18 and 41 eligible for conscription into the army
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/670c9853

Japan sends Germany an ultimatum demanding the evacuation of its naval base at Tsingtau in China
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/dee3c675

Germany invades Luxembourg and demands permission to move through neutral Belgium against France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/72b90b8f

British forces enter the German protectorate of Togoland in West Africa
type: E5 Event
description: Hostilities also begin in East Africa.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2ba3a15a

Batum, in the Caucasus, captured by Turkish troops who take advantage of Russia's withdrawal from the war to recapture lost ground
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7ee3b941

Italy declares war on Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/96bbd39c

Led by General Alexei Brusilov, a major Russian offensive is launched in western Ukraine, principally against the Austro-Hungarians, who are forced into steady retreat
type: E5 Event
description: Fighting continues until 17 August.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0ae490a2

Second Battle of the Aisne
type: E5 Event
description: Offensive launched by the French under General Robert Nivelle along the Chemin des Dames. Following heavy casualties, fighting called off on 20 April after few gains.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/bc24e2c6

British Secretary of State for War, Field Marshal Lord Kitchener, drowned en route to Russia when HMS Hampshire strikes a mine off the Orkney Islands and sinks
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/79c3abf0

Battle of the Piave
type: E5 Event
description: Austro-Hungarians launch a renewed attack on the Italian line in the north-east along the River Piave. The attack is beaten off. Fighting continues to 24 June.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/55aa1137

German airships raid Britain for the first time, attacking Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn
type: E5 Event
description: Five people are killed.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7c2cb1c3

Austria-Hungary begins mobilization of its army, including along the Russian border
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2de0f9bc

British parliament gives approval for the recruitment of half a million men to begin a rapid expansion of the British Army
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/677013cd

First meeting of the League of Nations at its permanant headquarters in Geneva
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/11c22245

Defence of Anzac
type: E5 Event
description: At Gallipoli, Australian and New Zealand troops fight off a very heavy Turkish attack. After weeks of effort on both sides, it is clear stalemate has been reached.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/35bc3ee6

Royal Navy ships begin shelling the forts guarding the entrance to the Dardanelles in Turkey
type: E5 Event
description: The aim is for the ships to force their way through the Dardanelles and capture the Turkish capital, Constantinople (present day Istanbul).
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/c444f2bb

Allied peace terms are handed to the Austrians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/35668bba

Sixth Battle of the Isonzo
type: E5 Event
description: Italian troops in the north-east advance and capture Gorizia, one of the few significant advances on the Isonzo front. Fighting continues until 17 August.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a9b56479

Start of the first revolution in Russia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/62e931f7

Last German airship raid on Paris
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/294dccef

London stock market closes due to European crisis
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/71534285

One of the French air force's leading fighter aces, Captain Georges Guynemer, shot down and killed in Belgium
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/c9b19b53

French launch a new attack at Verdun and recapture more ground lost the previous year
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8f0319ee

German Fokker aircraft deployed in numbers along the Western Front
type: E5 Event
description: Able to fire directly forward by shooting through the propellor arc, the Fokker establishes German air superiority until Spring 1916.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/73c3df36

As Austria-Hungary's ally, Germany demands an end to Russian mobilization
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/71534285

Woodrow Wilson re-elected President of the United States of America
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/fbddb07f

Second Battle of Artois
type: E5 Event
description: French launch attack for limited gains. Battle lasts until 18 June.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3baf94c8

British and French warships at the Dardanelles try to force their way through the Narrows
type: E5 Event
description: Three ships are sunk; three are badly damaged. Naval operations are suspended.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/81bc76f9

The German Kaiser, Wilhelm II, abdicates and prepares to leave Germany
type: E5 Event
description: Germany declared a republic.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3daa8254

Representation of the People Act receives Royal Assent, extending the right to vote to almost all British men as well as women aged over 30
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6cc6fff9

Canadian troops in Belgium recapture Mons
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a9413445

Russian civil war ends when White Russian forces are crushed by the Red Army of the Bolshevik government
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d81d234d

Battle of the Sambre
type: E5 Event
description: French troops try to block the German advance north-west of the Ardennes.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/95ed7607
different from: Battle of the Sambre (1918)

In the Caucasus, Russian forces push back the Turks and go on to capture Erzerum and Trabzon
type: E5 Event
description: Fighting continues until 18 April.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/99e65fe8

British government issues the Balfour Declaration, supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e2bfd685

British government announces its policy of building new 'Homes Fit for Heroes'
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/82b720b4

Imperial War Museum opened at Crystal Palace in London by King George V
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/744fec80

Germans recommence submarine attacks against merchant and passenger vessels approaching Britain
type: E5 Event
description: Continues until April.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6eac6818

First units of Kitchener's New Armies, forming the 9th (Scottish) Division, leave Britain for overseas service
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3baf94c8

Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary and moves to secure strategically important points along their shared border
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8e705771

Russians capture the Austro-Hungarian city of Przemysl
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/b1eada23

British and French troops land in the Greek city of Salonika to support Serbia, by threatening the southern flank of Bulgaria
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9dafdd0d

Alexander Kerensky becomes Prime Minister of Russia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/ec7c7394

Austro-Hungarian forces recapture the city of Lemberg (Lvov) from the Russians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/720fbc70

Austro-Hungarian government seeks an armistice with the Italians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a4c63ad7

Germany signs an armistice with the Allies, agreeing to an immediate cease fire and the withdrawal of its troops to its own borders
type: E5 Event
description: Fighting ends in France and Belgium at 11.00am.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a9413445

Battle of Amiens
type: E5 Event
description: British, Australian, Canadian and French forces launch a powerful strike against the German army on the Somme. General Ludendorf calls it 'the black day of the German army'. Fighting now continues until 11 November.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6672762e
different from: Battle of Amiens (1870)
different from: Battle of Amiens (1918)

Battle of Caporetto
type: E5 Event
description: Austro-Hungarians and Germans break through the Italian lines on the Isonzo and force a retreat of 140km (90 miles). 300,000 Italian prisoners are taken. Fighting carries on until 10 November.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/22dafd04

Troops evacuated from the Suvla and Anzac beachheads at Gallipoli
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3c6b516f

Battle of Neuve Chapelle
type: E5 Event
description: British and Indian troops undertake their first offensive in France with limited success.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/403ef06a

US Congress passes a bill to recruit half a million men for war service
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7ee54215

German forces surrender in Togoland
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/442f1cd5

First Australian and New Zealand troops leave Australia, expecting to continue their training in Britain
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/aa678e23

British royal family changes its name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d060b35b

Germany declares war on Russia and begins mobilization
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/835d8118

Indian Army troops land in Mesopotamia to protect British oil interests in neighbouring Persia, and encourage an Arab revolt against Turkish rule
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d4ec2832

First troops leave Canada and Newfoundland to continue their training in Britain
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7427c03a

German mine layer Königen Luise becomes the first naval casualty of the war when sunk in the North Sea by three British ships
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/15b5c533

Battle of the Selle
type: E5 Event
description: Allied troops renew their offensive in France, beginning a series of battles that force the Germans steadily back.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/46d4606d

Turkish forces launch attacks on the Russians in the Caucasus
type: E5 Event
description: In difficult conditions, the Russians initially do badly but soon recover. Fighting continues until 18 January 1915.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5e54273a

Battle of Festubert
type: E5 Event
description: British troops undertake another attack in French Flanders only a short distance from Aubers Ridge. Battle carries on until 25 May.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/374392ce

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip
type: E5 Event
description: Austria-Hungary blames Serbia for supporting this terrorist attack in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7d7a00dc

In self-defence and in support of Serbia, Russia orders partial mobilization of its army
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/334c353b

Battle of Verdun
type: E5 Event
description: Following a heavy bombardment, Germans launch major attack against the French intending to cause heavy casualties. Fighting continues until 18 December.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/67ac80f3
different from: Battle of Verdun (1792)

Britain and France declare war on Austria-Hungary
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9c8e30e7

Battle of Ortigara
type: E5 Event
description: Italians launch disappointing attack on the Austro-Hungarians on the Trentino front in the Alps. Continues until 29 June.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/af7e4a39

Germany declares war on Portugal
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9e54ef7c

French and Serbian troops at Salonika launch strong offensive against the Bulgarians and make steady gains
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/751d5366

First Battle of the Isonzo
type: E5 Event
description: Italian troops attack Austro-Hungarians in north-eastern Italy, aiming to reach Trieste. Disappointing results but operations continue until 7 July.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9f768588

Second Battle of the Isonzo
type: E5 Event
description: Second in a series of eleven battles launched along the Isonzo river in north-eastern Italy. Fighting on the Isonzo continues until October 1917.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/ab9d7500

Bolshevik government in Russia signs an armistice with the Germans, suspending hostilities on the Eastern Front
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/73f90449

Tsar Nicholas II abdicates as ruler of Russia
type: E5 Event
description: The Provisional Government assumes power.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/b9356689

Jerusalem taken by the British forces in Palestine, ending 673 years of Turkish rule
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/84095e9a

Peace conference opens in Paris
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/1df67354

Last troops evacuated from the Helles beachhead at Gallipoli
type: E5 Event
description: Campaign abandoned.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/83193fd2

Second Battle of Lemberg (or Lvov)
type: E5 Event
description: Russian forces capture the fourth largest city in Austria-Hungary. Battle lasts until 11 September.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/398867ab

Japanese troops, with British support, capture the German naval base of Tsingtau
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/48db3bb5

The Zimmerman telegram offering German support to a Mexican attack on the US is made public in US newspapers, with the approval of President Wilson
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e5e0fe14

Former Tsar Nicholas II and his family executed by the Bolsheviks
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/53269c88

Battle of Tanga
type: E5 Event
description: The first action of a long-running campaign in East Africa. German forces led by Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck defeat British and Indian troops. Fighting continues until 5 November. The campaign lasts until November 1918.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5fd35c65

German government seeks an armistice based on President Wilson's 14 Points
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e4049e06

Capture of Belgrade, the Serbian capital, by the Austro-Hungarians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/adff3263

First German airship raid on London
type: E5 Event
description: 7 people are killed and 35 injured.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/55dd6e40

Imperial War Graves Commission formally established in London (becoming the present Commonwealth War Graves Commission in 1960)
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/35d8f2d9

General Sir Edmund Allenby takes over command of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force from General Sir Archibald Murray
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/14d57362

Outbreak of mutinies in French army units at Châlons-sur-Marne following their recent heavy casualties and defeat
type: E5 Event
description: Indiscipline continues until October.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e54e125d

To combat the German submarine threat, British introduce the convoy system, moving large numbers of merchant ships together under naval protection.
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d4b07c0a

Allied Peace conference in Paris ends
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/041dfb3a

First British aeroplane raid on Germany against Dusseldorf and Cologne airship sheds
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/acc3f2c6

Germany declares war on France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3115e041

Third Battle of the Aisne
type: E5 Event
description: Third German offensive (Operation Blucher) against the French line, centres on the Chemin des Dames above the River Aisne. Fighting continues to 6 June.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3c0b555e

British Expeditionary Force (BEF), under the command of Field Marshal Sir John French, begins to land in France
type: E5 Event
description: Disembarkation completed on 16 August.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2ba3a15a

Fort Vaux recaptured by the French at Verdun
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/700c2ba7

First council meeting of League of Nations held in Paris
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/041dfb3a

Siege of Kut ends
type: E5 Event
description: Anglo-Indian garrison finally surrenders to the besieging Turkish forces after 143 days.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/61d67b13

The Battle of the Somme documentary film released for viewing in 34 cinemas in London
type: E5 Event
description: Nationwide release follows a week later. The film is the first documentary to show actual footage of men fighting in battle. It is seen by more than 20 million people.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/161bb3d1

Turkey joins the war on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary
type: E5 Event
description: Turkish warships shell Russian coastal towns in the Black Sea.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/385278d0

Third Battle of Ypres ends with the capture of Passchendaele village
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4d7f7eee

Third Battle of Gaza
type: E5 Event
description: Led by Allenby, British troops, combined with an Australian attack at Beersheba, finally breaking through Turkish lines in Palestine
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/21b0d50d

Allied troops enter Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5c1abd34

Naval action between British and German ships off the Heligoland Bight in the North Sea
type: E5 Event
description: Four German ships sunk.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/568bc1de

At Salonika, Allied forces liberate the Serbian town of Monastir after an offensive lasting two months
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4b14f8e2

Major French counter-attack at Verdun under General Robert Nivelle pushes the Germans back
type: E5 Event
description: Fort Douamont is recaptured by the French. Fighting continues until 18 December.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/034dc370

Battle of the Frontiers
type: E5 Event
description: Fighting begins between French and German troops along the border linking the two countries. Continues until early September with heavy casualties.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/677013cd

Winter Battle of Masuria
type: E5 Event
description: In East Prussia, Germans defeat the Russians who begin to retreat. Battle continues until 22 February.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3933351e

Fourth Battle of Champagne
type: E5 Event
description: Fifth major German attack since March. On a smaller scale, German troops assault the French line facing the River Marne. For the first time the German attack is unsuccessful. Continues to 18 July.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/055354a1

Turkish government seeks an armistice
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/893aecff

Battle of the Flanders Ridges
type: E5 Event
description: In Belgium, Allies make a strong advance from Ypres that begins to push the Germans back. Fighting continues until 10 October.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/19bd7ddc

Last German forces in the Cameroons surrender to British
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7d16a20a

The first 'call to arms' issued by the British Secretary of State for War, Field Marshal Lord Kitchener
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2ba3a15a

Second Battle of Ypres
type: E5 Event
description: Germans launch major assault on French, British and Canadian troops around Ypres and use poison gas extensively for the first time. Fighting continues until 27 May.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/65ec03c9

German Gotha bombers start night raids on London
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/cf90e5f1

An Arab force from the Hejaz guided by T E Lawrence captures the Red Sea port of Aqaba
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f038b006

Allied terms for a peace treaty are handed to the German government
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8047a1f2

Battle of Gorlice–Tarnow
type: E5 Event
description: German and Austro-Hungarian armies defeat the Russians in the centre of their line and begin to drive them back. After weeks of retreat, the Russians lose most of their territory in Poland.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/59a9254e

Britain promises to defend Belgian neutrality
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3115e041

Battle of Jutland
type: E5 Event
description: British Grand Fleet confronts the German High Seas Fleet in the North Sea, off the coast of Denmark. Although the British lose more ships, the German fleet is driven back to port and remains there for the rest of the war.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/df2e8edd

Last German airship raid on London
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/da6eaa95

Royal Navy warships begin a concerted blockade of Germany and its ports
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/39ba736d

Benedict XV elected Pope
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/398867ab

In Brussels the Germans execute the British nurse, Edith Cavell, for espionage and aiding escaped prisoners
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5e8f7be3
alternative label: shooting of Miss Cavell

First Battle of Ypres
type: E5 Event
description: French and British troops stand firm around the Belgian city of Ypres, preventing the German armies breaking through to the Channel ports. Continues to 22 November.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0c3ac8be

Treaty of Neuilly is signed with the Bulgarians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/16664d6e

First German airship shot down over Britain, to the north of London
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/93c190df

Second landing at Gallipoli
type: E5 Event
description: After all attempts to move inland have been defeated, a new British landing is made at Suvla Bay, linked to an assault on the hills beyond the Australian and New Zealand position. The operations fail.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6efa91bb

Troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) disembark in Egypt to complete their training after it is decided conditions in Britain are unsuitable
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/80cc9e2c

Treaty of Sévres signed between the Allies and Turkey
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/cc1d7041

Bulgaria agrees an armistice with the Allies
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/2bdc9696

Pope Benedict XV makes another appeal for peace
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0c09b132

David Lloyd George appointed Secretary of State for War in place of the late Lord Kitchener
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e1d4d2a9

Russia declares war on Turkey
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5fd35c65

The Royal Air Force is formed by combining the army's Royal Flying Corps with the navy's Royal Naval Air Service
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5012c377

British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, wins general election at the head of a national government
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/c540307b

Battle of Flers-Courcelette on the Somme
type: E5 Event
description: Allied forces advance, using the support of tanks for the first time.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/98cd2a4e

First Indian Army contingent leaves India to serve in France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/03f833cf

Daylight raid on London by 18 German Gotha bombers kills 157 people and injures 432
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/dd47e573

Second Battle of the Marne
type: E5 Event
description: General Ferdinand Foch launches his first counter-attack after five concerted German offensives. The Allied armies take the initiative. Fighting on the Marne continues until 7 August.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/35bdb972

Indian infantry begins to leave France in order to transfer to Mesopotamia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/fa60e166

Battle of the Somme
type: E5 Event
description: Major Anglo-French offensive launched in Picardy. On the opening day, the British Army suffers 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 killed – its heaviest ever casualty toll in a 24 hour period. The battle continues until 18 November.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3e5069d7

German airships raid Paris for the first time
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6e0ff177

Bulgaria declares war on Serbia and enters the war on the side of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/43bee392

Women's Auxiliary Army Corps renamed Queen Mary's Auxiliary Army Corps in recognition of their conduct during the German offensive the previous month
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/cf953edc

First Indian Army troops land in France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/aa002ede

Turkey signs an armistice with the Allies
type: E5 Event
description: Turkish troops in Mesopotamia surrender.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8cee3736

Siege of Kut begins
type: E5 Event
description: After their defeat at Ctesiphon, Anglo-Indian troops fall back on Kut al Amara where they are surrounded by Turkish forces. They eventually surrender on 29 April 1916.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/92356ce4

Battle of Monastir-Doiran
type: E5 Event
description: On the Salonika front, Alllies begin an attack that leads to the capture of Doiran. Fighting continues to 24 September.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/42e47c9c

Recapture of Belgrade by Serbian forces
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/b8269ec1

Arab Revolt against Turkish rule launched in the Hejaz region of Arabia by Sherif Hussein of Mecca
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/79c3abf0

Prince Max von Baden becomes German Chancellor
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/e4049e06

Britain forms the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force under General Sir Ian Hamilton to carry out military operations at the Dardanelles
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/cd7e32de

Germans and Austro-Hungarians launch a major offensive against the Russians
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/180677e9

Battle of the Canal du Nord
type: E5 Event
description: Allied troops in France begin an assault on the German Hindenburg Line. Fighting continues until 9 October.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3e4df220

British troops enter Basra in Mesopotamia at the head of the Persian Gulf
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c512ad4

Pact of London signed by the Allied powers of France, Britain and Russia, in which all three agree not to sign a separate peace
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/53f44fc3

The First Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) is passed by the British parliament, giving the government widespread new powers over people's lives
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/20a54d20

Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) formed in Britain, offering women the chance to serve directly in the armed forces
type: E5 Event
description: Over 57,000 women enrol in the WAAC, with 9,000 serving in France.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/038e72bf

First Battle of Doiran
type: E5 Event
description: At Salonika Allied troops launch an attack as a prelude to a wider spring offensive in the Balkans. Continues until 22 May.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f0fd082f

Battle of Gumbinnen
type: E5 Event
description: Advancing Russian troops drive back German forces in East Prussia.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4ca3a23c

Battle of Romani
type: E5 Event
description: Advancing Turkish forces defeated in the Sinai Desert by Australian, New Zealand and British troops from Egypt. Turks begin to fall back towards Palestine.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0f5082a6

General Sir Ian Hamilton is replaced in command at Gallipoli by General Sir Charles Monro
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a4e62d94

Pope Benedict XV issues call for peace to all those fighting
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/aa9468aa

First battalion of British part-time territorial troops, the 1/14th Battalion, London Regiment –known as the London Scottish– lands in France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d0adc24b

Daylight Saving (British Summer Time) introduced in Britain for the first time to encourage longer working hours in factories and on farms
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/28aff573

Heavy rain falls across the Ypres battlefields for almost the whole month, preventing any progess
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0c09b132

Battle of the Matz
type: E5 Event
description: Fourth German offensive (Operation Gneisenau), hitting the French line again, this time south of Verdun near St Mihiel. Fighting continues until 14 June.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/14747c4a

Russian Army invades East Prussia in a quick strike against Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/dee3c675

Baghdad captured by British forces in Mesopotamia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/df7862c4

First German aeroplane raid on Paris
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8e8484fe

On the Eastern Front, Germans use asphyxiating gas in artillery shells for the first time at the Battle of Bolimov
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4675e9a5

Britain and France declare war on Turkey
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/601fc27d

First Battle of the Somme, 1918
type: E5 Event
description: The Germans launch a strong offensive in France (Operation Michael) aimed at splitting the British and French lines. The British in particular suffer heavy casualties and begin a far reaching withdrawal. Fighting continues to 5 April.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/95639947

Considered finally ready for battle, US 1st Division sent to join French Fifth Army
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/329b273e

Fort Douamont captured at Verdun by the Germans
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d9aab35f

Conscription bill passed by the Canadian parliament
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f038b006

Germany's top air ace, Freiherr Manfred von Richtofen, shot down and killed on the Somme
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f28c52a5

First Canadian and Newfoundland troops arrive in Britain
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/c841762a

Georges Clemenceau becomes Prime Minster and Minister of War in France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/1d5a178b

Battle of the Somme ends in snow and heavy rain after 142 days of fighting
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/4b14f8e2

Austro-Hungarian government announces the country is to become a federal nation based on its many nationalities
type: E5 Event
description: Hungary is to remain as a separate kingdom.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/f19af039

British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, rejects the German peace note and the offer of talks
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/bc726d8c

Irish independence declared by Sinn Fein MPs at an unofficial Irish parliament in Dublin
type: E5 Event
description: Begins nearly three years of increasingly bitter confrontation that ends with the formation of the Irish Free State in 1921.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9de19ead

Battle of St Mihiel
type: E5 Event
description: American troops launch a successful attack against the German lines south of Verdun.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/154ec043

Britain declares the North Sea to be a 'military zone', effectively beginning a distant blockade of Germany
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/5fd35c65

Battle of Verdun ends
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8c70bd46

German South-West Africa surrenders to South African forces led by General Louis Botha
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/60b1f623

United States of America declares war on Germany and sides with the Allies
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/1f116303

High point of British voluntary recruitment
type: E5 Event
description: 33,204 men enlist on this day, almost the entire number of men recruited in a year before the war (35,000).
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/398867ab

General Max von Prittwitz replaced in command of the German Army in East Prussia by General Paul von Hindenburg, with General Erich Ludendorff as his chief of staff
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/367cfde9

Battle of the Menin Road Ridge
type: E5 Event
description: Renewed attack by British, Australian and New Zealand troops towards Passchendaele begins steady advances in dry weather.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/939e3da7

Village of Thiepval captured on the Somme
type: E5 Event
description: Later the site of the great Memorial to the Missing.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/53dfb0b8

Bombardment of Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on the British east coast by German battlecruisers
type: E5 Event
description: 137 civilians are killed.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d30a64c6

Battle of Mons
type: E5 Event
description: Fighting begins for British troops around the Belgian town of Mons. The BEF begins to retreat alongside its French allies.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/367cfde9
different from: Battle of Moys

Food shortages in Germany and Austria-Hungary, caused by the British blockade and the harsh winter, cause widespread hardship and starvation
type: E5 Event
description: Becomes known as the 'Turnip Winter'.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/1c35af93

General Erich Ludendorff resigns as the German army's Chief Quartermaster General
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/472de570

Fort Vaux captured at Verdun by the Germans
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/0bc23c40

National Registration Act introduced in Britain, obliging all elgible men to register for military service
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/35167a7a

London Stock Exchange reopens for the first time since the outbreak of war
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/b9a431bf

Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/677013cd

Portuguese troops see action on the Western Front for the first time
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/79b13c93

Battle of Cambrai
type: E5 Event
description: Using tanks, aircraft and artillery a major advance is made into the Hindenburg Line.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/774b4d63
different from: Battle of Cambrai (1917)

Battle of the Aisne
type: E5 Event
description: German armies stop Franco-British counter-attack astride the River Aisne. The first trenches begin to appear in France. The battle lasts until 15 September.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/a04750b3

Battle of Megiddo
type: E5 Event
description: In northern Palestine, Allied troops launch a devastating attack on the Turks and begin a steady advance into Syria. Fighting continues until 25 October.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/8fa0c0f5

Italy signs the Pact of London, effectively joining the war on the Allied side
type: E5 Event
description: In 1914, Italy had been a member of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/eb181b6c
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/74076a97

Irish republicans launch an uprising in Dublin
type: E5 Event
description: It lasts until 1 May and is suppressed by the British authorities. The leaders are executed, causing deep resentment.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/26a365aa

Public campaign launched in Britain to encourage people to eat less bread as a result of shortages
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/7b961ed4

Battle of Messines
type: E5 Event
description: After the explosion of 19 huge mines, British, Irish, Australian and New Zealand troops seize the Messines Ridge south of Ypres. Fighting continues until 14 June.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/17897264
different from: Battle of Messines (1914)
different from: Battle of Messines (1917)

German sailors mutiny at Kiel
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/029c29b0

German submarine U-20 sinks the luxury passenger liner Lusitania off the west coast of Ireland
type: E5 Event
description: 1198 people are killed, including 128 US citizens.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/09155671
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/9cf11bd6

Battle of Le Cateau
type: E5 Event
description: Part of the BEF fights a rearguard action against the Germans to allow the main retreat to continue.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/442f1cd5

Australian and British troops, supported by Arab forces, capture Damascus in Syria
type: E5 Event
description: Further gains follow, including the cities of Beirut, Homs and Aleppo.
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/d79671bb
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/835571a5

Last German airship raid on Britain
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6fa160e1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/fd582a1c

First members of the WAAC arrive in France
type: E5 Event
P130 shows features of: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/6c4c6af1
P4 has time-span: http://ldf.fi/ww1lod/3e353f17