A.natural, produced or caused by nature, inborn, native, once in X.,Mem.3.9.1, not in Pl., freq. in Arist. (“τὰ περὶ γένεσιν φ.” Ph.191a3, al.), and later Prose; opp. διδακτός, X. l.c.; opp. νομικός (conventional), “δίκαιον” Arist.EN1134b19; ἡ φ. χρῆσις, opp. ἡ παρὰ φύσιν, Ep.Rom.1.26; of style, natural, simple, “ἀληθὲς καὶ φ. χρῶμα” D.H.Th.42; τὸ φ., opp. τὸ τεχνικόν, ib.34: φ. υἱός, = ὁ ἐκ πορνείας γεγονώς, opp. γνήσιος, Thom.Mag.p.362 R.; “υἱὸς γνήσιος καὶ φ.” PLips.28.18 (iv A. D.). Adv. -κῶς by nature, naturally, κινητόν, κινεῖσθαι, Arist.Ph.201a24, Cael.307b32; “ὠχυρωμένη φ. λίμνῃ” D.S.20.55; “ἀκατασκεύως καὶ φ.” Plb.6.4.7, etc.
b. belonging to the nature of a plant, characteristic, Thphr.HP8.4.4, al.
2. belonging to growth, Stoic.2.205, al.
II. of or concerning the order of external nature, natural, physical, “ἡ φ. ἐπιστήμη” Arist.PA640a2; φ. φιλοσοφία ib.653a9; “ἡ φ.” Id.Metaph.1026a6, etc.; opp. μαθηματική, θεολογική, ib.1064b2; τὰ φ. ib.1026a4; οἱ φ. λόγοι f.l. for οἱ φυσιολόγοι, Id.EN1154b7; φ. προτάσεις, opp. ἠθικαί, λογικαί, Id.Top.105b21; τὸ φ., τὸ ἠθικόν, τὸ λογικόν, the three branches of philosophy, Zeno Stoic.1.15, etc., cf. S.E.P.2.13; τὰ πρῶτα καὶ -ώτατα the primal elements of things, Plu.2.395d.
2. “ὁ φ.” an inquirer into nature, natural philosopher, Arist.de An.403a28, PA641a21, Metaph.1005a34; “περὶ πασῶν [τῶν αἰτιῶν] εἰδέναι τοῦ φ.” Id.Ph.198a22, cf. Metaph. 1026a5: esp. of the Ionic and other pre-Socratic philosophers, Id.Ph.184b17, 187a12, 205a5, al.: also ὁ φ., of Epicurus, Phylarch. 24J.; ὁ φυσικώτατος, of Thales, Luc.Ner.4.
b. army surgeon, dub. in IG12.950.153.
3. ἡ φ. ἀκρόασις, title of a treatise by Arist.; τὰ φυσικά, a name given to his physical treatises, Id.Ph.267b21, Metaph.1042b8; “ἐπιτομὴ φυσικῶν” Id.Pr.10tit.