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ἔνεστι δὲ καὶ τοῦτο πολλάκις ἐναργῶς ἰδεῖν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποσίτων: ἀναγκαζόμενοι γὰρ ἐσθίειν οὔτε καταπίνειν εὐσθενοῦσιν οὔτ᾽, εἰ καὶ βιάσαιντο, κατέχουσιν, ἀλλ᾽ εὐθὺς ἀνεμοῦσι. καὶ οἱ ἄλλως δὲ τῶν ἐδεσμάτων πρὸς ὁτιοῦν δυσχεραίνοντες βιασθέντες ἐνίοτε προσάρασθαι ταχέως ἐξεμοῦσιν, ἢ εἰ κατάσχοιεν βιασάμενοι, ναυτιώδεις τ᾽ εἰσὶ καὶ τῆς γαστρὸς ὑπτίας αἰσθάνονται καὶ σπευδούσης ἀποθέσθαι τὸ λυποῦν. οὕτως ἐξ ἁπάντων τῶν φαινομένων, ὅπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐρρέθη, μαρτυρεῖται τὸ δεῖν ὑπάρχειν τοῖς τοῦ ζῴου μορίοις σχεδὸν ἅπασιν ἔφεσιν μέν τινα [p. 248] καὶ οἷον ὄρεξιν τῆς οἰκείας ποιότητος, ἀποστροφὴν [p. 160] δέ τινα καὶ οἷον μῖσός τι τῆς ἀλλοτρίας. ἀλλ᾽ ἐφιέμενα μὲν ἕλκειν εὔλογον, ἀποστρεφόμενα δ᾽ ἐκκρίνειν. κἀκ τούτων πάλιν ἥ θ᾽ ἑλκτικὴ δύναμις ἀποδείκνυται καθ᾽ ἅπαν ὑπάρχουσα καὶ ἡ προωστική. ἀλλ᾽ εἴπερ ἔφεσίς τέ τίς ἐστι καὶ ἕλξις, εἴη ἄν τις καὶ ἀπόλαυσις: οὐδὲν γὰρ τῶν ὄντων ἕλκει τι δι᾽ αὐτὸ τὸ ἕλκειν, ἀλλ᾽ ἵν᾽ ἀπολαύσῃ τοῦ διὰ τῆς ὁλκῆς εὐπορηθέντος. καὶ μὴν ἀπολαύειν οὐ δύναται μὴ κατασχόν. κἀν τούτῳ πάλιν ἡ καθεκτικὴ δύναμις ἀποδείκνυται τὴν γένεσιν ἀναγκαίαν ἔχουσα: σαφῶς γὰρ ἐφίεται μὲν τῶν οἰκείων ποιοτήτων ἡ γαστήρ, ἀποστρέφεται δὲ τὰς ἀλλοτρίας. ἀλλ᾽ εἴπερ ἐφίεταί τε καὶ ἕλκει καὶ ἀπολαύει κατέχουσα καὶ περιστελλομένη, εἴη ἄν τι καὶ πέρας αὐτῇ τῆς ἀπολαύσεως κἀπὶ τῷδ᾽ ὁ καιρὸς ἤδη τῆς ἐκκριτικῆς δυνάμεως ἐνεργούσης.
On the Natural Faculties. Galen. A.J. Brock. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. 1916.
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