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Browsing named entities in a specific section of A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith). Search the whole document.

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311 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
o a heavy poll-tax. He also accepted the title of Pontifex Maximus, which shews that at that time he had not the slightest intention of elevating Christianity at the expense of Paganism. The fruit of Constantine's victories was the undisputed mastership of the whole western part of the empire, with its ancient capital, Rome, which, however, had then ceased to be the ordinary residence of the emperors. At the same time, important events took place in the East. The emperor Galerius died in A. D. 311, and Licinius, having united his dominions with his own, was involved in a war with Maximin, who, after having taken Byzantium by surprise, was defeated in several battles, and died, on his flight to Egypt, at Tarsus in Cilicia, in 313. [MAXIMINUS.] Thus Licinius became sole master of the whole East, and the empire had now only two heads. In the following year, 314, a war broke out between Licinius and Constantine. At Cibalis, a town on the junction of the Sau with the Danube, in the south
296 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
author's "Commentationes Historicae," Basel, 1741, 4to. Constantine was distinguished by the choicest gifts of nature, but his education was chiefly military. When his father obtained the supreme command in Gaul, Britain, and Spain, he did not accompany him, but remained with the emperor Diocletian as a kind of hostage for the fidelity of his parent, and he attended that emperor on his celebrated expedition in Egypt. After the capture of Alexandria and the pacification of that country in A. D. 296, Constantine served under Galerius in the Persian war, which resulted in the conquest and final cession to the Romans of Iberia, Armenia, Mesopotamia, and the adjoining countries, for which Diocletian and Maximian celebrated a triumph in Rome in 303. In these wars Constantine distinguished himself so much by personal courage as well as by higher military talents, that he became the favourite of the army, and was as a reward appointed tribunus militum of the first class. But he was not allo
330 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
pital, and Italy, corrupted by luxury and vices, had ceased to be the source of Roman grandeur. Constantine felt the necessity of creating a new centre of the empire, and, after some hesitation, chose that city which down to the present day is a gate both to the East and the West. He made Byzantium the capital of the empire and the residence of the emperors, and called it after his own name, Constantinople, or the city of Constantine. The solemn inauguration of Constantinople took place in A. D. 330, according to Idatius and the Chronicon Alexandrinum. The possibility of Rome ceasing to be the capital of the Roman empire, had been already observed by Tacitus, who says (Hist. 1.4), " Evulgato imperii arcano, posse principem alibi quam Romae fieri." Constantinople was enlarged and embellished by Constantine and his successors; but when it is said that it equalled Rome in splendour, the cause must partly be attributed to the fact, that the beauty of Constantinople was ever increasing, w
307 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
he son of Maximian, seizing the purple; and when Maximian was informed of it, he left his retirement and reassumed the diadem, which he had formerly renounced with his colleague Diocletian. The consequence of their rebellion was a war with Galerius, whose son, Severus Augustus, entered Italy with a powerful force; but he was shut up in Ravenna; and, unable to defend the town or to escape, he surrendered himself up to the besiegers, and was treacherously put to death by order of Maxentius. (A. D. 307.) Galerius chose C. Valerius Licinianus Licinius as Augustus instead of Severus, and he was forced to acknowledge the claims of Maximin likewise, who had been proclaimed Augustus by the legions under his command, which were stationed in Syria and Egypt. The Roman empire thus obeyed six masters: Galerius, Licinius, and Maximin in the East, and Maximian. Maxentius, and Constantine in the West (308). The union between the masters of the West was cemented by the marriage of Constantine, whose
309 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
left the Rhine, and embarking his troops in boats, descended the Saône and Rhône, appeared under the walls of Arles, where Maximian then resided, and forced him to take refuge in Marseilles. That town was immediately besieged; the inhabitants gave up Maximian, and Constantine quelled the rebellion by one of those acts of bloody energy which the world hesitates to call murder, since the kings of the world cannot maintain themselves on their thrones without blood. Maximian was put to death (A. D. 309); he had deserved punishment, yet he was the father of Constantille's wife. [MAXIMIANUS.] The authority of Constantine was now unrestrained in his dominions. He generally resided at Trier (Trèves), and was greatly beloved by his subjects on account of his excellent administration. The inroads of the barbarians were punished by him with great severity : the captive chiefs of the Franks were devoured by wild beasts in the circus of Trier, and many robbers or rebels suffered the same barbar
306 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
CONSTANTI'NUS I., FLA'VIUS VALERIUS AURE'LIUS or Constantinus Magnus or Constantine the Great or Constantine Magnus surnamed MAGNUS or the Great, Roman emperor, A. D. 306-337, the eldest son of the emperor Constantius Chlorus by his first wife Helena. His descent and the principal members of his family are represented in the following genealogical table:-- Constantine was born in the month or February, A. D. 272. There are many different opinions respecting his birth-place; but it is most probable, and it is now generally believed, that he was born at Naissus, now Nissa, a well-known town in Dardania or the upper and southern part of Moesia Superior. * Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. *Nai+sso/s calls this town *Kti/sma kai\ patri\r *Kwnstanti/nou tou= basile/ws, meaning by *Kti/sma that that town was enlarged and embellished by Constantine, which was the case. The opinion that Constantine was born in Britain is ably refuted in Schöpflin's dissertation, "Constantinus Magnus non f
272 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
CONSTANTI'NUS I., FLA'VIUS VALERIUS AURE'LIUS or Constantinus Magnus or Constantine the Great or Constantine Magnus surnamed MAGNUS or the Great, Roman emperor, A. D. 306-337, the eldest son of the emperor Constantius Chlorus by his first wife Helena. His descent and the principal members of his family are represented in the following genealogical table:-- Constantine was born in the month or February, A. D. 272. There are many different opinions respecting his birth-place; but it is most probable, and it is now generally believed, that he was born at Naissus, now Nissa, a well-known town in Dardania or the upper and southern part of Moesia Superior. * Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. *Nai+sso/s calls this town *Kti/sma kai\ patri\r *Kwnstanti/nou tou= basile/ws, meaning by *Kti/sma that that town was enlarged and embellished by Constantine, which was the case. The opinion that Constantine was born in Britain is ably refuted in Schöpflin's dissertation, "Constantinus Magnus non f
305 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
igher military talents, that he became the favourite of the army, and was as a reward appointed tribunus militum of the first class. But he was not allowed to enjoy quietly the honours which he so justly deserved. In his position as a kind of hostage he was exposed to the machinations of the ambitious, the jealous, and the designing; and the dangers by which he was surrounded increased after the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian and the accession of his father and Galerius as emperors (A. D. 305). He continued to live in the East under the eyes of Galerius, whose jealousy of the superior qualities of Constantine was so great, that he meditated his ruin by exposing him to personal dangers, from which Constantine, however, escaped unhurt. In such circumstances he was compelled to cultivate and improve his natural prudence and sagacity, and to accustom himself to that reserve and discretion to which he afterwards owed a considerable part of his greatness, and which was the moreremark
337 AD (search for this): entry constantinus-i-flavius-valerius-aurelius-bio-1
CONSTANTI'NUS I., FLA'VIUS VALERIUS AURE'LIUS or Constantinus Magnus or Constantine the Great or Constantine Magnus surnamed MAGNUS or the Great, Roman emperor, A. D. 306-337, the eldest son of the emperor Constantius Chlorus by his first wife Helena. His descent and the principal members of his family are represented in the following genealogical table:-- Constantine was born in the month or February, A. D. 272. There are many different opinions respecting his birth-place; but it is most probable, and it is now generally believed, that he was born at Naissus, now Nissa, a well-known town in Dardania or the upper and southern part of Moesia Superior. * Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. *Nai+sso/s calls this town *Kti/sma kai\ patri\r *Kwnstanti/nou tou= basile/ws, meaning by *Kti/sma that that town was enlarged and embellished by Constantine, which was the case. The opinion that Constantine was born in Britain is ably refuted in Schöpflin's dissertation, "Constantinus Magnus non f