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Boeotia (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
d; and now the Boeotians, who formerly would not venture, even in their own country, to face the Athenians without help from Sparta and the rest of the Peloponnese, threaten to invade Attica by themselves, and the Athenians, who formerly overran Boeotia, fear that the Boeotians may plunder Attica.” “Ah, I am aware of that,” answered Socrates; “but the disposition of our city is now more to a good ruler's liking. For confidence breeds carelessness, slackness, disobedience: fear makes men more at these things, but you are trying to show me that one who is going to command an army must study all of them; and of course I admit that you are right.” “Have you observed, Pericles, that our frontier is protected by great mountains extending to Boeotia, through which there are steep and narrow passes leading into our land, and that the interior is cut across by rugged mountains?”“Certainly.” “Further, have you heard that the Mysians and Pisidians, occupying very rugged country in
Macedonia (Macedonia) (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
it was through their assistance that the sons of Heracles gained the victory (Herodotus, ix. 27). and the Peloponnesians, and all the wars waged in the days of Theseus,Against the Amazons and Thracians. in all of which it is manifest that they were champions among the men of their time. You may add the victories of their descendants,In the great Persian wars. who lived not long before our own day: some they gained unaided in their struggle with the lords of all Asia and of Europe as far as Macedonia, the owners of more power and wealth than the world had ever seen, who had wrought deeds that none had equalled; in others they were fellow-champions with the Peloponnesians both on land and sea. These men, like their fathers, are reported to have been far superior to all other men of their time.”“Yes, that is the report of them.” “Therefore, though there have been many migrations in Greece, these continued to dwell in their own land: many referred to them their rival claims, many found a
Coronea (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
other peoples; and these qualities are among the strongest incentives to heroism and patriotic self-sacrifice.”“Yes, in these respects too the Athenians need not fear criticism.”“And besides, none have inherited a past more crowded with great deeds; and many are heartened by such a heritage and encouraged to care for virtue and prove their gallantry.”“All you have said is true, Socrates. But, you see, since the disasters sustained by Tolmides and the Thousand at LebadeaAt the battle of Coronea (or Lebadea) in 446 B.C., the Boeotians defeated and destroyed the Athenian army and gained independence (Thucydides, I. 113). and by Hippocrates at Delium,The Athenians were heavily defeated by the Boeotians at Delium in 424 B.C. (ibid. IV. 96 f.). the relations of the Athenians and Boeotians are changed: the glory of the Athenians is brought low, the pride of the Thebans is exalted; and now the Boeotians, who formerly would not venture, even in their own country, to face the Athenian
Peloponnesus (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
eated and destroyed the Athenian army and gained independence (Thucydides, I. 113). and by Hippocrates at Delium,The Athenians were heavily defeated by the Boeotians at Delium in 424 B.C. (ibid. IV. 96 f.). the relations of the Athenians and Boeotians are changed: the glory of the Athenians is brought low, the pride of the Thebans is exalted; and now the Boeotians, who formerly would not venture, even in their own country, to face the Athenians without help from Sparta and the rest of the Peloponnese, threaten to invade Attica by themselves, and the Athenians, who formerly overran Boeotia, fear that the Boeotians may plunder Attica.” “Ah, I am aware of that,” answered Socrates; “but the disposition of our city is now more to a good ruler's liking. For confidence breeds carelessness, slackness, disobedience: fear makes men more attentive, more obedient, more amenable to discipline. The behaviour of sailors is a case in point. So long as they have nothing to fear, they are, I believe,
Athens (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
ates, “and consider how they can be brought about?”“I should.” “Do you know then, that in point of numbers the Athenians are not inferior to the Boeotians?”“Yes, I know.”“Do you think that the larger number of fine, well-developed men could be selected from among the Boeotians or the Athenians?”“In that matter too they seem to be at no disadvantage.”“Which do you think are the more united?”“The Athenians, I should say, for many of the Boeotians resent the selfish behaviour of the Thebans. At Athens I see nothing of that sort.” “And again, the Athenians are more ambitious and more high-minded than other peoples; and these qualities are among the strongest incentives to heroism and patriotic self-sacrifice.”“Yes, in these respects too the Athenians need not fear criticism.”“And besides, none have inherited a past more crowded with great deeds; and many are heartened by such a heritage and encouraged to care for virtue and prove their gallantry.”“All
Lebadeia (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
rowded with great deeds; and many are heartened by such a heritage and encouraged to care for virtue and prove their gallantry.”“All you have said is true, Socrates. But, you see, since the disasters sustained by Tolmides and the Thousand at LebadeaAt the battle of Coronea (or Lebadea) in 446 B.C., the Boeotians defeated and destroyed the Athenian army and gained independence (Thucydides, I. 113). and by Hippocrates at Delium,The Athenians were heavily defeated by the Boeotians at Delium inLebadea) in 446 B.C., the Boeotians defeated and destroyed the Athenian army and gained independence (Thucydides, I. 113). and by Hippocrates at Delium,The Athenians were heavily defeated by the Boeotians at Delium in 424 B.C. (ibid. IV. 96 f.). the relations of the Athenians and Boeotians are changed: the glory of the Athenians is brought low, the pride of the Thebans is exalted; and now the Boeotians, who formerly would not venture, even in their own country, to face the Athenians without help from Sparta and the rest of the Peloponnese, threaten to invade Attica by themselves, and the Athenians, who formerly overran Boeotia, fear that the Boeotians may plunder Attica.” “Ah, I am aware of that,” answer
Europe (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
nians claimed that it was through their assistance that the sons of Heracles gained the victory (Herodotus, ix. 27). and the Peloponnesians, and all the wars waged in the days of Theseus,Against the Amazons and Thracians. in all of which it is manifest that they were champions among the men of their time. You may add the victories of their descendants,In the great Persian wars. who lived not long before our own day: some they gained unaided in their struggle with the lords of all Asia and of Europe as far as Macedonia, the owners of more power and wealth than the world had ever seen, who had wrought deeds that none had equalled; in others they were fellow-champions with the Peloponnesians both on land and sea. These men, like their fathers, are reported to have been far superior to all other men of their time.”“Yes, that is the report of them.” “Therefore, though there have been many migrations in Greece, these continued to dwell in their own land: many referred to them their rival cl
Asia (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
aclesThe Athenians claimed that it was through their assistance that the sons of Heracles gained the victory (Herodotus, ix. 27). and the Peloponnesians, and all the wars waged in the days of Theseus,Against the Amazons and Thracians. in all of which it is manifest that they were champions among the men of their time. You may add the victories of their descendants,In the great Persian wars. who lived not long before our own day: some they gained unaided in their struggle with the lords of all Asia and of Europe as far as Macedonia, the owners of more power and wealth than the world had ever seen, who had wrought deeds that none had equalled; in others they were fellow-champions with the Peloponnesians both on land and sea. These men, like their fathers, are reported to have been far superior to all other men of their time.”“Yes, that is the report of them.” “Therefore, though there have been many migrations in Greece, these continued to dwell in their own land: many referred to them t
Greece (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 5
day: some they gained unaided in their struggle with the lords of all Asia and of Europe as far as Macedonia, the owners of more power and wealth than the world had ever seen, who had wrought deeds that none had equalled; in others they were fellow-champions with the Peloponnesians both on land and sea. These men, like their fathers, are reported to have been far superior to all other men of their time.”“Yes, that is the report of them.” “Therefore, though there have been many migrations in Greece, these continued to dwell in their own land: many referred to them their rival claims, many found a refuge with them from the brutality of the oppressor.” “Yes, Socrates,” cried Pericles, “and I wonder how our city can have become so degenerate.”“My own view,” replied Socrates, “is that the Athenians, as a consequence of their great superiority, grew careless of themselves, and have thus become degenerate, much as athletes who are in a class by themselves and win the champio
Greece (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 6
ng him, he stopped him and contrived to engage his attention by saying: “Glaucon, have you made up your mind to be our chief man in the state?”“I have, Socrates.”“Well, upon my word there's no more honourable ambition in the world; for obviously, if you gain your object, you will be able to get whatever you want, and you will have the means of helping your friends: you will lift up your father's house and exalt your fatherland; and you will make a name for yourself first at home, later on in Greece, and possibly, like Themistocles, in foreign lands as well; wherever you go, you will be a man of mark.” When Glaucon heard this, he felt proud and gladly lingered.Next Socrates asked, “Well, Glaucon, as you want to win honour, is it not obvious that you must benefit your city?”“Most certainly.”“Pray don't be reticent, then; but tell us how you propose to begin your services to the state.” As Glaucon remained dumb, apparently considering for the first time how to beg
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