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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 22 0 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 3, 15th edition. 16 0 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Anne, Queen, (search)
ecame a conspicuous one in English history, for she was governed by some able ministers, and she was surrounded by eminent literary men. Her reign has been called the Augustan age of English Literature. The Duke of Marlborough the husband of her bosom friend, was one of her greatest Queen Anne. military leaders. A greater part of her reign was occupied in the prosecution of the War of the Spanish Succession, known in America as Queen Anne's War. She died Aug. 1, 1714. The treaty of Ryswick produced only a lull in the inter-colonial war in America. It was very brief. James II. died in France in September, 1701, and Louis XIV., who had sheltered him, acknowledged his son, Prince lames (commonly known as The Pretender), to be the lawful heir to the English throne. This naturally offended the English, for Louis had acknowledged William as king in the Ryswick treaty. The British Parliament had also settled the crown on Anne. so as to secure a Protestant succession. The Engl
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Boston, (search)
unt Frontenac, and proceed with his fleet to Boston Harbor. After capturing Boston and ravaging New England, he was to proceed to New York, reduce the city, and thence send back the troops to Canada by land, that they might ravage the New York colony. Nesmond started so late that he did not reach Newfoundland until July 24, when a council of war decided not to proceed to Boston. All New England was alarmed, and preparations were made on the seaboard to defend the country. the Peace of Ryswick was proclaimed at Boston Dec. 10, and the English colonies had repose from war for a while. Nearly a tenth part of Boston was consumed by fire on March 20, 1760, in about four hours. It began, by accident, at Cornhill. There were consumed 174 dwelling-houses, 175 warehouses and other buildings, with merchandise, furniture, and various articles, to the value of $355,000; and 220 families were compelled to look to their neighbors for shelter. The donations from every quarter for the reli
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fletcher, Benjamin (search)
ed to New York. With a pretended zeal for the cause of religion, Fletcher procured the passage of an act by the Assembly for building churches in various places, and under it the English Church and preaching in English were introduced into New York. Trinity Church was organized under the act, and its present church edifice stands upon the ground where the first structure was erected. During Fletcher's administration, pirates infested American waters; and he was accused not only of winking at violations of the navigation laws, but of favoring the pirates, for private gain. They sometimes found welcome in the harbor of New York, instead of being seized and punished. When Bellomont, after the treaty of Ryswick, came over as governor of Massachusetts, he was commissioned to investigate the conduct of Fletcher and to succeed him as governor, and he sent him to England under arrest. The colony felt a relief when he was gone, for his career had been marked by misrule and profligacy.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ryswick, peace of (search)
Ryswick, peace of In 1697 a treaty of peace was concluded at Ryswick, near The Hague, by France on one side and the German Empire, England, Spain, and Holland on the other, that terminated a long war begun in 1686. By that treaty the King of France, who had espoused the cause of James II., acknowledged William of Orange King of Great Britain and Ireland, and provinces were restored to Spain and Germany, but Alsace and Lorraine were retained by France. They were won back by Germany in 187ded at Ryswick, near The Hague, by France on one side and the German Empire, England, Spain, and Holland on the other, that terminated a long war begun in 1686. By that treaty the King of France, who had espoused the cause of James II., acknowledged William of Orange King of Great Britain and Ireland, and provinces were restored to Spain and Germany, but Alsace and Lorraine were retained by France. They were won back by Germany in 1871. This treaty ended the inter-colonial war in America.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle, (search)
Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle, A treaty between Great Britain, France, Holland, Germany, Spain, and Greece; signed by the representatives of these respective powers on Oct. 18 (N. S.), 1748. By it the treaties of Westphalia (1648), of Nimeguen (1678-79), of Ryswick (1697), of Utrecht (1713), of Baden (1714), of the Triple Alliance (1717), of the Quadruple Alliance (1718), and of Vienna (1738), were renewed and confirmed. It was fondly hoped this treaty would insure a permanent peace for Europe. It was, however, only a truce between France and England, contending for dominion in America. The English regarded as encroachments the erection by the French of about twenty forts, besides block-houses and tradingposts, within claimed English domain. So while Acadia (q. v.) furnished one field for hostilities between the two nations, the country along the lakes and in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys furnished another.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Maine. (search)
s, defended by a small garrison and two sloops, which had just arrived in the harbor bringing supplies and ammunition; repulsed after a siege of forty-eight hours......June 10, 1692 Fort built at Pemaquid......August, 1692 Indians negotiate a treaty of peace with the English......Aug. 11, 1693 French and Indians under Iberville, Villebon, and Castin, capture the fort at Pamaquid......July 15, 1696 Eastern Sagadahoc claimed by the French as part of Nova Scotia under the treaty of Ryswick......Sept. 11, 1697 Treaty of Aug. 11, 1693, signed and ratified with additional articles at Mare Point (now in Brunswick) between the whites and Indians......Jan. 7, 1699 Indians under French leaders attack Wells, Cape Porpoise, Saco, Scarborough, Casco, Spurwink, and Purpooduck; the last two entirely destroyed. Thus opened the third Indian war, known as Queen Anne's War......Aug. 10, 1703 Enemy destroy Black Point, attack York and Berwick; legislatures of Massachusetts and New
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts (search)
r granted Massachusetts by England......Oct. 7, 1691 New charter received......1692 First appearance of the witchcraft delusion at Salem, at the house of the Rev. Samuel Parris......March, 1692 Sir William Phipps arrives at Boston as first governor of the new province......May 14, 1692 Post-office established in Boston......1693 Indians attack Haverhill (see Dustin, Hannah)......March 15, 1697 Governor Bradstreet dies at Salem, aged ninety-five......March 27, 1697 Peace of Ryswick proclaimed at Boston......Dec. 10, 1697 Captain Kidd seized in Boston as a pirate and sent to England......1699 Earl of Bellomont supersedes William Stoughton as governor of Massachusetts, and arrives at Boston......May 26, 1699 Boston contains 1,000 houses and 7,000 people......1700 Joseph Dudley appointed governor......1702 French and Indians attack and burn Deerfield (see Williams, Eleazar)......Feb. 28, 1704 Boston News-letter, the first newspaper in the British coloni
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ohio, (search)
et indicates the Ohio country on his map of the Northwest......1674 La Salle launches the Griffin on Lake Erie and coasts along the northern frontier of Ohio......August, 1679 Iroquois convey Western lands east of the Illinois to the English by treaty......1684 Nicholas Perrot, with twenty Frenchmen, marches into the Miami country; French establish a post near the Ohio boundary......1686 English traders crossing the Ohio country are arrested by the French......1687 Treaty of Ryswick, by which France claims the Ohio Valley......September, 1697 French erect a trading-post near the mouth of the Maumee......1705 Governor Spotwood, of Virginia, urges the English government to occupy the valley of the Ohio......1709 Vaudreuil, governor of Canada, opens a trading route to the Mississippi by Lake Erie, the Maumee and Ohio rivers......1720 Treaty of Lancaster, Pa.: territory beyond the mountains ceded by the Iroquois to the English......June, 1744 Virginia coloni
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), William iii. (William Henry, Prince of Orange) 1650-1702 (search)
iii., Prince of Orange. special convention. His cause was equally triumphant in Scotland, after some trouble at the beginning, and he joined a coalition of European states in making war on France. The adherents of James in Ireland were numerous, and were supported by the French. In 1690 he took command of his own troops there, and, at the battle of the Boyne, July 1 (O. S.), James, who led the insurgents, was defeated and fled to France. The war continued till 1697, when the treaty at Ryswick ended it. Queen Mary died late in 1694, when William became sole monarch. He instituted salutary reforms in England, and the English constitution was placed on a firm basis. He labored to check the power of France and increase that of the Netherlands as long as he lived. His death was caused by being thrown from his horse. Having no heir, he promoted the act of settlement, calling the house of Hanover to the throne, which was adopted by Parliament in 1701, and completed the English re
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), William's War, King (search)
dia and up the St. Lawrence. Massachusetts was compelled to issue bills of credit, or paper money, to defray the expenses of the expedition. Fierce forays by the French and Indians continued along the New England frontiers. The English were held up to the Indians by the Jesuits not only as enemies, but as heretics, upon whom it was a Christian duty to make war. The Indians were encouraged, too, to make forays for the capture of women and children, for whom they found a ready market, as servants, in Canada. About 100 persons were killed or made captive (July 28, 1694) at Durham, 10 miles from Portsmouth. Two years later Baron de Castine and a large force of French and Indians captured the garrison at Pemmaquid. Haverhill, 33 miles from Boston, was attacked (March, 1697), and forty persons were killed or made captive; and during the ensuing summer more remote settlements suffered greatly. This distressing warfare was closed the same year by the treaty of Ryswick, Sept. 20, 1697.
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