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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 10 10 Browse Search
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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ae'tius (search)
Ae'tius a Roman general, who with his rival Boniface, has justly been called by Procopius the last of the Romans. He was born at Dorostana in Moesia (Jornandes, de reb. Get. 34), and his father Gaudentius, a Scythian in the employ of the empire, having been killed in a mutiny, he was early given as a hostage to Alaric, and under him learnt the arts of barbarian war. (Philostorgius, 12.12.) After an ineffectual support of the usurper John with an army of 60,000 men (A. D. 424), he became the general of the Roman forces under Placidia, at that time guardian of her son, the emperor Valentinian III. In order to supplant in her favour his rival Boniface, by treacherous accusations of each to the other, Aetius occasioned his revolt and the loss of Africa (Procop. Bell. Vand. 1.3, 4); the empress, however, discovered the fraud, and Aetius, after having met Boniface at Ravenna, and killed him in single combat [BONIFACIUS], was himself compelled to retire in disgrace to the Hunnish army which
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Bonifa'cius (search)
y of the name of Pelagia, seems to have exercised a pernicious influence over his general character. Although he so far maintained his own religious convictions as to insist on the previous conversion of his wife, yet he so far gave them up as to allow his child to receive Arian baptism; and as the first breach of even slight scruples may prepare a conscience naturally tender for the commission of actual crimes, he is afterwards reported to have lived with concubines. (Augustin. Ep. 220.) (A. D. 424.) Whilst in the unsettled state consequent on this change of life, he was, in 427, entrapped by his rival Aetius [AETIUS] into the belief that the empress Placidia was bent on his destruction; and under this impression he yielded to the temptation of inviting Genseric, king of the Vandals, to settle in Africa (Procop. Bell. Vand. 1.4.) Bitterly reproached for his crime by Augustin (Ep. 220), and discovering the fraud when it was too late, he took arms against Genseric, but was driven by hi
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
--an expression apparently indicating that she had that princess for a sponsor. The date of her marriage (A. D. 421), given by Marcellinus and the Paschal Chronicle, is probably correct, though Theophanes places it one if not two years earlier. Most historians mention only one child of this union, Eudoxia, who, according to Marcellinus, was born in the thirteenth consulship of Honorius, and the tenth of Theodosius, i. e. A. D. 422, and betrothed, in the consulship of Victor and Castinus, A. D. 424, to her cousin Valentinian, afterwards emperor of the West as Valentinian III. Tillemont thinks there are notices which seem to show that there was a son, Arcadius, but he must have died young. Marcellinus mentions another daughter of the emperor Theodosius, and therefore (if legitimate) of Eudocia also, Flacilla; but Tillemont suspects that Marcellinus speaks of a sister of Theodosius so named. Flacilla died in the consulship of Antiochus and Bassus, A. D. 431. The marriage of Valentinian
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Galla (search)
st at Ravenna. (Gruter, p. 1048, No. 1.) It is not likely that Theodosius would have believed her against Honorius, as he had never acknowledged Constantius as Augustus, or Placidia as Augusta; but the death of Honorius and the usurpation of Johannes or John, determined him to take up her cause, which had now become the cause of his family. He therefore authorized Placidia to take or resume the title of Augusta, and the little Valentinian that of Nobilissimus. They were sent back to Italy (A. D. 424), with a powerful army, under Ardaburius, Aspar, and Candidianus. John was taken and put to death; and Valentinian, who had been previously raised to the rank of Caesar, was declared Augustus, or emperor, and left to govern the West, under the tutelage of his mother. Her regency was signalised by her zeal for the church and her intolerance. She banished from the towns Manichacans and other heretics, and astrologers ; and excluded Jews and heathens from the bar and from public offices; but
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Grata (search)
GRATA HONORIA, was the daughter of Constantius III., emperor of the West [CONSTANTIUS III.], and Galla Placidia [GALLA, No. 2], and daughter of Theodosius the Great. The time of her birth is not known, but it may be estimated approximately by the marriage of her parents, which took place on Jan. 1, 417, and the birth of her brother, Valentinian III., younger than herself, which occurred in A. . 419. She fled into the eastern empire, with her mother and brother, upon the death of Honorius (A. D. 424) and the usurpation of Joannes; and shared in the danger from the sea and the deliverance therefrom, which are recorded in an inscription now in the wall of St. John's Church at Ravenna [GALLA, No. 2]. In that inscription she is termed Augusta, which title was probably given her after the restoration of Valentinian III. to the western empire; and, it is conjectured, in order to prevent her marrying, by raising her above the rank of a subject. Impatient at being restricted from marriage, sh
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), He'lio (search)
He'lio （*(Hli/wn), or HE'LION, magister officiorum, A. D. 414-417, 424-427, under Theodosius II. He is also called Patricius by Olympiodorus. (Comp. Cod. Theod. 6. tit. 27. s. 20. and 7. tit. 8. s. 14.) He was commissioned by Theodosius to invest with the robe of Caesar, at Thessalonica, A. D. 424, the boy Valentinian III., then in exile [GALLA, No. 3]; and after the overthrow and death of the usurper Joannes, he invested Valentinian at Rome, A. D. 425, with the robes and crown of Augustus. Helio had, before these transactions (A. D. 422), been engaged by Theodosius, by whom he was much esteemed, in negotiating a peace with the Persian king Varanes. (Cod. Theod. 13. tit. 3. s. 17; 6. tit. 27. ss. 17, 18, 19, 20; 7. tit. 8. s. 14; Gothofred. Prosop. Cod. Theod.; Olympiod apud Phot. Bibl. Cod. 80; Socrat. H. E. vii 20, 24; Theophan. Chronog. vol. i. p. 134, ed. Bonn; Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. vi.) [J.C.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Prosper Aquitanus or Prosper Aquitanicus (search)
e de Genuensi Civitate sunt missa. Belonging to the same epoch as the two preceding. 6. De Gratia Dei et Libero Arbitrio Liber. In reply to the doctrines of Cassianus respecting Freewill, as laid down in the thirteenth of his Collationes Patrum [CASSIANUS], whence the piece is frequently entitled De Gratia Dei adversus Collatorem. Written about A. D. 432. 7. Psalmorum a C. usque ad CL. Expositio, assigned by the Benedictine editors to A. D. 435), but placed by Schoenemann and others before A. D. 424. 8. Sententiarum ex Operitus S. Augustini delibaturum Liber unus. Compiled about A. D. 451. Editions The whole of the above will be found in the Benedictine edition of the works of Augustin; the epistle is numbered ccxxv., and is placed immediately before another upon the same subject by Hilarius; the remaining tracts are all included in the Appendix to vol. x. Works of doubtful authenticity The authenticity of the following is very doubtful :-- 1. Confession. Sometimes ascribed t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sabi'nus (search)
Sabi'nus 3. A bishop of Heracleia in Thrace, and a follower of the heresy of Macedonius, was one of the earliest writers on ecclesiastical councils. His work, entitled *Sunagwgh\ tw=n *Sunodw=n, is frequently quoted by Socrates and other ecclesiastical historians. (Soc. H. E.1.5, 2.11, 13, 16; Sozom. H. E. Praef.; Niceph. Call. ix.; Epiphan. Haer. 2.8, 9, 17.) He appears to have lived about the end of the reign of Theodosius II., who reigned from A. D. 424 to 450. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 307, 314, 494; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. pp. 182,183.) [P.S]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
not favourable, and Joannes sent the general Aetius to the Huns, to seek their help. Joannes, wishing to secure the support of this able commander, gave him the rank of Curopalates, as the mayor of the palace was afterwards called. Theodosius (A. D. 424) sent Ardaburius, and his son Aspar with a powerful army against the usurper. They were accompanied by Placidia, and her young son Valentinian, who, pursuant to the orders of Theodosius, was invested with the title of Caesar at Thessalonica by by pirates, some of whom were Saxons. On the 21st of October A. D. 437, Valentinian, being then eighteen years of age, came to Constantiople to celebrate his marriage with Eudocia, the daughter of Theodosius, who had been betrothed to, him in A. D. 424. Valentinian surrendered to his father-in-law the western Illyricium, which had been already promised to the Eastern emperor by Placidia. He passed the winter with his wife at Thessalonica, and returned to Ravenna in the following year. By this