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speaks of a brother of Icilius, who hastened with the son of Numitorius to the Roman army, to inform Virginius of the foul plot formed against his daughter. (Comp. Dionys. A. R. 11.37, who speaks of this Icilius under the title of neani/skos, by which he perhaps means to distinguish him from his brother.) 5-7. ICILII. Three of this family were elected tribunes of the plebs, in B. C. 409 (Liv. 4.54), one of whom was probably the L. Icilius, who was tribune of the plebs three years before, B. C. 412. (Liv. 4.52.) The three Icilii in their tribunate urged the plebs to elect quaestors from their own body; and this was the first time the plebeians obtained this dignity, three out of the four quaestors being chosen from them. The Icilii also made great efforts to secure the consular tribunate next year for the plebeians, but they were defeated and patricians elected. (Liv. 4.54-56.) ICTI'NUS (*)Ikti=nos), a contemporary of Pericles, was the architect of two of the most celebrated of the
Leo or LEON 2. An Athenian, was sent out with ten ships, in B. C. 412, to act with the squadron under Diomedon, and we find the two commanders associated, both in naval operations and in political movements, down to the declaration of the Athenian army at Samos against the revolutionary government of the Four Hundred, B. C. 411 [DIOMEDON]. According to the common reading in Xenophon, Leon was one of the ten generals appointed to supersede Alcibiades in B. C. 407, and, as well as ERASINIDES, was with Conon when Callicratidas chased him into Mytilene (Xen. Hell. 1.5.16, 6. 16). Xenophon, however, in two other passages (Hell. 1.6.30,7.2), omits Leon's name and mentions Lysias instead; and Diodorus has Lysanias ( an error probably of the copyists, for Lysias) in his list of the generals, saying nothing of Leon, and afterwards speaks of Lysias as one of those who returned to Athens after the battle of Arginusae (Diod. 13.74, 101). Schneider, accordingly, would reject the name of Leon, fro
Leo or LEON 4. One of the three ambassadors sent from Sparta to dissuade the Athenians from the alliance with Argos, in B. C. 420. (Thuc. 5.44.) It seems doubtful whether we should identify him with the father of Antalcidas (Plut. Art. 21), and again with the ephor e)pw/numos in the fourteenth year of the Peloponnesian war, B. C. 418 (Xen. Hell. 2.3.10), and also with the Leon who was sent out with Antisthenes, in B. C. 412, as e)piba/ths (whatever that may mean), and was appointed on the death of Pedaritus to succeed him in the command. (Thuc. 8.39, 61; comp. Arnold and Goeller, ad loc.) The father of Pedaritus (Thuc. 8.28) was probably a different person, though Krueger thinks he was the same with the officer of Antisthenes and was appointed to succeed his son.
me of the Boeotian commonwealth; but, his horses having won the victory, he came forward and crowned the charioteer, by way of showing that he was himself the real conqueror. For this he was publicly beaten by the Eleian r(abdou=xoi, and Sparta did not forget the insult, though no notice was taken of it at the time. (Thuc. 5.49, 50; Xen. Hell. 3.2.21; Paus. 6.2.) In B. C. 418, he succeeded in inducing the Argives to make peace with Lacedaemon after the battle of Mantineia. (Thuc. 5.76.) In B. C. 412, he was one of the eleven commissioners sent out to inquire into the conduct of Astyochus, the Spartan admiral, and was foremost in protesting against the treaties which had been made with Persia by Chalcideus and Theramenes (the Lacedaemonian) respectively, -- especially against that clause in them which acknowledged the king's right to all the territories that had been under the rule of his ancestors. We find him, however, in the following year, disapproving of the violence of the Milesi
ppides. The date of Melanippides can only be fixed within rather uncertain limits. He may be said, somewhat indefinitely, to have flourished about the middle of the 5th century B. C. He was younger than Lasus of Hermione (Plut. Mus. p. 1141c.), and than Diagoras of Melos (Suid. s. v. *Diago/ras). He was contemporary with the comic poet Pherecrates (Plut. l.c.). He lived for some time at the court of Perdiccas, of Macedonia, and there died (Suid. s. v.). He must therefore have died before B. C. 412. His high reputation as a poet is intimated by Xenophon, who makes Aristodemus give him the first place among dithyrambic poets, by the side of Homer, Sophocles, Polycleitus. and Zeuxis, as the chief masters in their respective arts (Xenoph. Mem. 1.4. §, 3), and by Plutarch, who mentions him, with Simonides and Euripides, as among the most distinguished masters of music (Non poss. saav. viv. sec. Epic. p. 1095d.). He did not, however, escape the censures which the old comic poets so oft
Onomacles (*)Onomaklh=s), an Athentian, was joined with Phrynichus and Scironides, B. C. 412, in the conmmanad of an Atlenian and Argive force, which, after a battle with the Milesians, who were supported by Chalcideus and Tissaphernes, prepared to besiege Miletus, but on the arrival of a Pelopollnnesianl and Sicilian fleet, sailed awav to Samos, Ibv the advice of lPhrynichtls. Shlortlv after, in the same year, whesi the Athenians at Samlos had been reinforced, Ononacles was sent with part of the armament, and with Stromibichides and Esictnimon for his colleagues, to act against Chios (Timc. 8.25-27, 30, 33, 34, 38l, 40, 55, 61). It was probably the same Onoimacles who was afterwards one of the thirty tyratnts, ill B. C. 404 (Xen. Hell. 2.3.2). We find mention made also of another Onoimacles, who, together with Archeptolemus, was involved ini the condemnation of ANTIPHON ( Anon. Vit. Thitc.). A Spartan of the same name is recorded by Xenophon (Xenoph. Hell. 2.3.10) as ephor e)pw/numo
Pa'cilus 2. C. FURIUS PACILUS. son of the preceding, was colsul B. C. 412 with Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus (Liv. 4.52).
Peda'ritus (*Peda/ritos, *Paida/retos), or PAEDA'RETUS, a Lacedaemonian, the son of Leon, was sent out to serve in conjunction with Astyochus, and after the capture of Iasus was appointed to station himself at Chios. late in the summer of B. C. 412. (Thuc. 8.28.) Having marched by land from Miletus, he reached Erythrae, and then crossed over to Chios just at the time when application was made by the Lesbians to Astvochus for aid in a revolution which they meditated. But, through the reluctance of the Chians, and the refusal of Pedaritus, Astyochus was compelled to abandon the project (100.32, 33). Irritated by his disappointment, Astvochus turned a deaf ear to the application which the Chians made for assistance when the Athenians fortified Delphinium, and Pedaritus in his despatches to Sparta complained of the admiral's conduct, in consequence of which a commission was sent out to inquire into it. (Thuc. 8.38, 40.) Pedaritus himself seems to have acted with great harshness at Chios
Pharnaba'zus 2. Son of Pharnaces, succeeded his father as satrap of the Persian provinces near the Hellespont, and it would seem from a passage in Thucydides (8.58) that his brothers were associated with him in the government (comp. Arnold and Göller ad Thuc. l.c. ; Krueger, ad Tlnw. 8.6). Early in B. C. 412, being anxious to support the Greek cities of his satrapy in their intended revolt from Athens, in order that he might satisfy the demand of his master, Dareius II., for the tribute arising from them, he sent to Sparta two Greek exiles who had taken refuge at his court (Calligeitus of Megara and Timagoras of Cyzicus), proposing an alliance, and urging that a Lacedaemonian fleet should be despatched to the Hellespont. The government, however, acting chiefly under the influence of Alcibiades, decided in favour of a counter application to the same effect from Tissaphernes, the satrap of Lydia; but, in the congress which the Spartans shortly after held at Corinth, it was resolved to
Phry'nichus (*Fru/nixos) an Athenian general, the son of Stratonides (Schol. ad Aristoph. Lys. 313). In B. C. 412 he was sent out with two others in command of a fleet of 40 ships to the coast of Asia Minor. The troops encamped in the territory of Miletus. A battle ensued in which the Athenians were victorious. A Peloponnesian fleet having arrived soon after, the colleagues of Plllrynichus were for risking an engagement, from which Phrynichus (wisely, as Thucydides thinks) dissuaded them (Thuc. 8.25, 27, &c.). In 411, when proposals were made to the Athenians at Samos on the part of Alcibiades, who offered to secure for them Persian aid if an oligarchy were established instead of a democracy, Phrynichus again offered some sagacious advice, pointing out the dangers into which such a course would plunge them, and expressing his belief that Alcibiades was not at heart more friendly to an oligarchy than to a democracy, and his doubts as to his power of executing his promises. Peisander a
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