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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 14 14 Browse Search
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1 1 Browse Search
Appian, The Foreign Wars (ed. Horace White) 1 1 Browse Search
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.) 1 1 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith). You can also browse the collection for 349 BC or search for 349 BC in all documents.

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Archela'us (*)Arxe/laos), one of the illegitimate sons of AMYNTAS II. by Cygnaea. Himself and his two brothers (Archideus or Arrhidaeus, and Menelaus) excited the jealousy of their halfbrother Philip; and, this having proved fatal to one of them, the other two tied for refuge to Olynthus. According to Justin, the protection which they obtained there gave occasion to the Olynthian war, B. C. 349; and on the capture of the city, B. C. 347, the two princes fell into Philip's hands and were put to death. (Just. 7.4, 8.3.) [E.
enian Charidemus, and even succeeded in obtaining the liberation of Artabazus. After this, Artabazus seems either to have continued his rebellious operations, or at least to have commenced afterwards a fresh revolt; but he was at last obliged, with Memnon and his whole family, to take refuge with Philip of Macedonia. During the absence of Artabazus, Mentor, his brother-in-law, was of great service to the king of Persia in his war against Nectanebus of Egypt. After the close of this war, in B. C. 349, Artaxerxes gave to Mentor the command against the rebellious satraps of western Asia. Mentor availed himself of the opportunity to induce the king to grant pardon to Artabazus and Memnon, who accordingly obtained permission to return to Persia. (Diod. 16.22, 34, 52; Dem. c. Aristoer. p. 671, &c.) In the reign of Dareius Codomannus, Artabazus distinguished himself by his great fidelity and attachment to his sovereign. He took part in the battle of Arbela, and afterwards accompanied Dareius
m the Gallic war with a severe wound, L. Furius Camillus was appointed dictator to hold the comitia, and P. Cornelius Scipio became his magister equitum. Camillus, who was as much a patrician in his feelings and sentiments as his father, did not accept the names of any plebeians who offered themselves as candidates for the consulship, and thus caused the consulship to be given to patricians only. The senate, delighted with this, exerted all its influence in raising him to the consulship in B. C. 349. He then nominated Appius Claudius Crassus as his colleague, who however died during the preparations for the Gallic war. Camillus, who now remained sole consul, caused the command against the Gauls to be given to himself extra sortem. Two legions were left behind for the protection of the city, and eight others were divided between him and the praetor L. Pinarius, whom he sent to protect the coast against some Greek pirates, who in that year infested the coast of Latium. Camillus routed t
he war, in accordance with the wishes of Eubulus and Isocrates, and in opposition to those of Chares and his party. (Diod. 16.22; Dem. Philipp. i. p. 46; Isoc. de Pac.; Arist. Rhet. 3.17.10.) In B. C. 353 Chares was sent against Sestus, which, as well as Cardia, seems to have refused submission notwithstanding the cession of the Chersonesus to Athens in 357. [CERSOBLEPTES.] He took the town, massacred the men, and sold the women and children for slaves. (Diod. 16.34.) In the Olynthian war, B. C. 349, he was appointed general of the mercenaries sent from Athens to the aid of Olynthus; but he seems to have effected little or nothing. The command was then entrusted to Charidemus, who in the ensuing year, 348, was again superseded by Chares. In this campaign he gained some slight success on one occasion over Philip's mercenaries, and celebrated it by a feast given to the Athenians with a portion of the money which had been sacrilegiously taken from Delphi, and some of which had found its
e city and a golden crown. (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 650, 674-682; Arist. Rhet. 2.23.17; comp. Isocr. de Pac. p. 169c.) This appears to have been in B. C. 357. In B. C. 352, hoping perhaps to recover Amphipolis through his aid, they passed a decree in spite of the opposition of Demosthenes and his party (c. Aristocr. paisssim), pronouncing the person of Charidemus inviolable, and rendering any one who should kill him amenable to justice from any part of the Athenian empire. [CERSOBLEPTES.] In B. C. 349, after the recall of Chares, Charidemus was appointed by the Athenians as commander in the Olynthian war. In conjunction with the Olynthians, he ravaged Pallene and Bottiaea, which seem to have been then in the hands of Philip; but he caused much offence by his insolent and profligate conduct at Olynthus, and in the ensuing year he was superseded and replaced by Chares. (Philochor. apud Dionys. p. 735; Theopomp. apud Athen. x. p. 436c.) Henceforth he disappears from history, though he has
Corvus 2. M. Valerius Corvus, one of the most illustrious men in the early history of the republic, was born about B. C. 371 in the midst of the struggles attending the Licinian laws. Being a member of the great Valerian house, he had an early opportunity of distinguishing himself, and we accordingly find him serving in B. C. 349 as military tribune in the army of the consul L. Furius Camillus in his campaign against the Gauls. His celebrated exploit in this war, from which he obtained the surname of " Corvus," or " Raven," is, like many other of the achievements of the early Roman heroes, mingled with fable. A Gallic warrior of gigantic size challenged to single combat any one of the Romans. It was accepted by Valerius after obtaining the consent of the consul, and as he was commencing the combat, a raven settled upon his helmet, and, as often as he attacked the Gaul, the raven flew at the face of the foe, till at length the barbarian fell by the sword of Valerius. A general battle
Empir. ad v. Math. 2.16; Suidas, s. v. *Dhma/dhs.) But by his extraordinary talents, his demagogic artifices, and treachery, he rose to a very prominent position at Athens; he used his influence, however, in such a manner, that Plutarch (Plut. Phoc. 1) justly terms him the nauagion, that is, the shipwreck or ruin of his country. He belonged to the Macedonian party, and entertained a deadly hatred of Demosthenes, against whom he came forward as early as the time of the war against Olynthus, B. C. 349 (Suidas, l.c.), and to whom he continued hostile to the last; for when, on the approach of Antipater and Craterus, Demosthenes and his friends quitted the city, Demades induced the people to pronounce sentence of death upon them. (Plut. Dem. 28; Phot. Bibl. p. 69, ed. Bekker.) In the battle of Chaeroneia he fell into the hands of the Macedonians; and when Philip, during the revelries with which he celebrated his victory, reviewed the prisoners, Demades frankly but politely blamed him for h
ny definite plan in the war against Macedonia, although the necessity of such a plan had been pointed out, and proposals had been made for it by Demosthenes in his first Philippic, which was spoken in B. C. 352. Philip's attack upon Olynthus in B. C. 349, which terminated in the year following with the conquest of the place, deprived the Athenians of their last stronghold in the north. At the request of several embassies from the Olynthians, and on the impressive exhortation of Demosthenes in h. dicitur, Vratislaviae, 1831, and especially by Seebeck in the Zeitschrift für d. Alterthumswiss. for 1838, No. 91, &c. 2-4. The first, second, and third Olynthiac Orations The first, second, and third Olynthiac orations belong to the year B. C. 349. Dionysius (Ep. ad Amm. 1.4) makes the second the first, and the third the second in the series; and this order has been defended by R. Rauchenstein, de Orat. Olynth. ordine, Leipz. 1821, which is reprinted in vol. i. of Schaefer's Apparatus.
Natta 1. L. Pinarius Natta, magister equitum to the dictator L. Manlius Capitolinus, B. C. 363, and praetor, B. C. 349. Livy does not give his cognomen, but it is preserved in the Fasti Capitolini. Liv. 7.3, 25.)
Paeri'sades 1. A king of Bosporus, son of Leucon, sueceeded his brother Spartacus in B. C. 349, and reigned thirty-eight years. (Diod. 16.52.) No events of his reign have been transmitted to us, except that we find him at one period (apparently about B. C. 333) engaged in a war with the neighbouring Scythians (Dem. c. Phorm. p. 909), and he appears to have continued the same friendly relations with the Athenians which were begun by his father Leucon. (Id. ib. p. 917.) But we are told, in general terms, that he was a mild and equitable ruler, and was so much beloved by his subjects as to obtain divine honours after his death. (Strab. vii. p.310.) He left three sons, Satyrus, Eumelus and Prytanis. (Diod. 20.22.) He is probably the same person as the Birisades mentioned by Deinarchus (c. Dem.p . 95), to whom Demosthenes had proposed that a statue should be erected at Athens. (See Wesseling ad Diod. 14.93; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. 284.)
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